Urban growth, working class, middle class, modern education Innovations : Steam engine (Watt), locomotive : from 3 weeks (1847) to 3 days (1875) to make NY-Chicago, telegraph, concrete, modern roads, Bessemer process (steel), first modern battery, gas lighting, The tin can, photography, spectrometer, Product centric electromagnet, typewriter, the dynamo, the hydrogen fuel cell, the blueprint, Factories, Textile innovations (power loom, Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, cotton gin, …) Store, Product centric (price and features), local press ads, word of mouth, Vertical & centralised : BECAUSE NEED FOR CAPITAL CONCENTRATION