",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<nextid>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<a>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<isindex>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<plaintext>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<listing>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<p>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<h1>",[["c",null]]],["\n…"],["<h6>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<address>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<hp1>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<hp2>",[["c",null]]],["\n…, "],["<dl>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<dt>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<dd>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<ul>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<li>",[["c",null]]],["\n,"],["<menu> ",[["c",null]]],["\nand "],["<dir>",[["c",null]]],["\n. The design of the first version of HTML language was influenced by the SGML universal markup language."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"the-first-html-tags.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/8280c0e6-4288-4aa4-b969-9937dbaefa9a/the-first-html-tags.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:11 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-09":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-09","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["HTML 0.9"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545242785,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/html-09","blockId":"5262ee57-6858-4c7e-b1cb-68e275ec8599","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/11"]],"HAKT":[["The "],["Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)",[["b",null]]],[" is an Internet protocol designed to exchange hypertext documents (images, websites, etc.) between the server and the web browser. The first protocol design, later called "],["HTTP v0.9",[["b",null]]],[", was created by Tim Berners-Lee as part of the WWW service specification. The HTTP v0.9 version was extremely simple, using only the GET method with one parameter, i.e. the name of the requested document."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"http-v0-9.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/22458021-4451-44a0-a306-80f2d403ea7b/http-v0-9.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:14 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-first-web-server-in-the-usa":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-first-web-server-in-the-usa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["The first web server in the USA",[["b",null],["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545324494,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/the-first-web-server-in-the-usa","blockId":"b22d4b79-10d1-4da1-b3dd-64005d05733c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/12/06"]],"HAKT":[["A particle physicist and software developer "],["Paul Kunz",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" launched "],["the first web server in the USA in the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (SLAC). Paul Kunz was inspired by the World Wide Web project directly from its creator Tim Berners-Lee, whom he met in person at the CERN Swiss Research Center in September of the same year."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"slac-1991.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/3c63684a-c315-455f-bb67-13c41a00907b/slac-1991.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:15 PM"}},"cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0":{"id":"cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0","blockId":"cea393e2-eb43-47ad-8229-43f73d7b87d0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["$88"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1992_nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/9e306b15-5c23-4791-bd76-cdca5b90bb31/1992_nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"mosaic.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/c7b18157-9caa-40b4-bf28-3e08bd413226/mosaic.jpg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-audio-and-video-on-internet":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-audio-and-video-on-internet","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st audio and video on internet "]],"updatedAt":1669238220000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1669238220000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-audio-and-video-on-internet","blockId":"3565a2a6-accb-448c-9129-fe4f37aad5a4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["The first audio and video are distributed over the internet. "]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-surfing-the-web":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-surfing-the-web","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Surfing the web"]],"updatedAt":1669238280000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1669238248236,"lastEditedTime":1669238280000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/surfing-the-web","blockId":"454ce7fd-12d9-44aa-afbc-1e06cceada22","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["The phrase \"surfing the internet\" is popularized."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 23, 2022 9:17 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-violawww":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-violawww","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["ViolaWWW"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545369931,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/violawww","blockId":"bd4212de-f823-4572-897a-80f281745385","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/03/09"]],"HAKT":[["Pei-Yuan Wei developed the "],["ViolaWWW browser",[["b",null]]],["\n for Unix while he was working at the University of California at Berkeley. ViolaWWW was the "],["first browser to support scripting, table rendering and forms",[["b",null]]],["\n. The browser also contained a "],["simple stylesheet",[["b",null]]],["\n to define the website's visual appearance. In March 1994, Pei-Yuan Wei released its last version, the lone developer no longer being able to keep up with the Mosaic Communications Corporation, which launched the Mosaic Netscape 0.9 browser the same year."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"violawww-hypermedia-browser.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/3a149b9a-7c85-408c-9e3e-7c7c64c64f49/violawww-hypermedia-browser.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:16 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-bbedit-html-and-text-editor":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-bbedit-html-and-text-editor","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["BBEdit HTML and text editor",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/bbedit-html-and-text-editor-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545447762,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/bbedit-html-and-text-editor","blockId":"eafc9337-1043-42bd-abfd-1c395876aeff","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/04/12"]],"HAKT":[["Bare Bones Software released the first version of the "],["BBEdit freeware HTML",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" and "],["text editor",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". The editor was designed for the Macintosh platform."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"bbedit-4-0-4.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/5263b940-6ce1-424a-ab63-11440f3de8f3/bbedit-4-0-4.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:17 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Les Horribles Cernettes, one of the first image on the Web",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/les-horribles-cernettes-the-first-image-on-the-web-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545499230,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web","blockId":"cdd04063-369e-40f8-8ffc-545e0a4ff607","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/07/18"]],"HAKT":[["Silvano de Gennaro, an Italian computer scientist who worked at CERN research labs, was asked by Tim Berners-Lee to scan and upload a photo of a parody pop-group called "],["Les Horribles Cernettes",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (The Horrible CERN Girls) onto the info.cern.ch website. "],["This photo became one of the first images to be published on the World Wide Web.",[["b",null]]]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"les-horribles-cernettes.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/955e76a1-d622-421a-8cd7-9c8c1b966f0e/les-horribles-cernettes.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:18 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-veronica-search-engine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-veronica-search-engine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Veronica search engine",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/veronica-search-engine-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545552599,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/veronica-search-engine","blockId":"443bad27-ea83-4969-9410-fed2a4bd2268","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/11"]],"HAKT":[["Steven Foster and Fred Barrie developed a "],["search engine called Veronica",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" at the University of Nevada. The search engine was used to browse and index information in Gopher menu items. The name Veronica is an acronym for “Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computer Archives”."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"veronica-search-engine.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/de3f4318-c684-4048-b267-15e8d37ba03f/veronica-search-engine.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-50-known-web-servers":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-50-known-web-servers","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["50 known web servers"]],"updatedAt":1669238340000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561364100,"lastEditedTime":1669238340000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/50-known-web-servers","blockId":"df1b941b-c315-480a-bf4d-42ad8a005c0a","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["At the beginning of the year only 50 World Wide Web servers are known to exist"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:42 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-600-websites":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-600-websites","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["600 websites"]],"updatedAt":1669238400000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1669238400000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/600-websites","blockId":"4c2eab4e-00b9-436b-8ace-3c3f7bc95719","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993"]],"HAKT":[["The number of websites reaches 600 and the White House and United Nations go online. Marc Andreesen develops the Mosaic Web browser at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. The number of computers connected to NSFNET grows from 2,000 in 1985 to more than 2 million in 1993. The National Science Foundation leads an effort to outline a new internet architecture that would support the burgeoning commercial use of the network."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mosaic-10":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mosaic-10","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mosaic 1.0",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/mosaic-1-0-1993"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545603993,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mosaic-10","blockId":"8d6719b7-e1a3-4a42-964e-602f57a81bf3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993/04/22"]],"HAKT":[["Students Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina from the University of Illinois programmed one of the first web browsers with a graphical interface. "],["Mosaic",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (full name NCSA Mosaic) worked on multiple platforms including Windows and was available for free, thanks to which it gained worldwide popularity among the general public shortly after being launched. Its development officially ended on January 7, 1997."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"mosaic-1-0.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/4f3f49aa-1703-4d44-bf6c-9b361711aad4/mosaic-1-0.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:20 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-aliweb":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-aliweb","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Aliweb"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545649070,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/aliweb","blockId":"c266b884-22c8-4ce9-ab8e-5af5abe4b1c0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993/11/30"]],"HAKT":[["A Dutch software engineer Martijn Koster announced the first "],["Aliweb search engine",[["b",null]]],["\n (Archie-Like Indexing in the Web) "],["designed specifically for the World Wide Web service",[["b",null]]],["\n. In May 1994, Aliweb was introduced to the public at the first international WWW conference at the CERN Research Center in Geneva. Aliweb did not have a web crawler to search and index web pages. Sites were added to the database upon request from users using special files that contained their exact description and location."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"aliweb-search-form-1995.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/23fdf6f6-3869-4a20-acd8-aef57bc43fdf/aliweb-search-form-1995.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:20 PM"}},"24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec":{"id":"24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561380000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561410666,"lastEditedTime":1666561380000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec","blockId":"24a92ea8-65df-4ad2-8380-2beab639e6ec","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The World Wide Web Consortium",[["b",null]]],[" is founded by Tim Berners-Lee to help with the development of common protocols for the evolution of the World Wide Web"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:43 PM"}},"e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807":{"id":"e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807","blockId":"e4d5fbf1-dc46-4294-ace1-cbddeca96807","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994"]],"HAKT":[["Netscape Communications is born. Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-yahoo":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-yahoo","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Yahoo!"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/yahoo","blockId":"c37facd9-ad28-4cc3-b2c5-b9dbe2115b48","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994"]],"HAKT":[["Yahoo! is created by Jerry Yang and David Filo, two electrical "],["engineering",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html"]]],["\ngraduate students at Stanford University. The site was originally called \"Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.\" The company was later incorporated in March 1995.\n"],["Jerry Yang",[["b",null]]],[" and "],["David Filo",[["b",null]]],[", two Ph.D. students from Stanford University, created a list of websites entitled \"Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.\" In March 1994, the portal was renamed "],["Yahoo!",[["b",null]]],[" and the yahoo.com domain was registered on January 18, 1995. "],["Yahoo is an acronym for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.",[["b",null]]],[" In March 1995, the Yahoo! search engine was launched as part of the portal."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"yahoo-1994.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/2aa1d8ec-42af-432d-8787-df61db9c2b84/yahoo-1994.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]],["\n"],["https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994",[["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-open-standards-going-global":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-open-standards-going-global","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Open standards, going global",[["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666478280000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666478280000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/open-standards-going-global","blockId":"381733a3-852d-46a9-b6e0-73df164a1d05","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994-2003"]],"HAKT":[["The rate of web site deployment increased sharply around the world, and fostered development of international standards for protocols and content formatting. Berners-Lee continued to stay involved in guiding web standards, such as the "],["markup languages",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language"]]],[" to compose web pages, and he advocated his vision of a "],["Semantic Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web"]]],[" (sometimes known as Web 3.0) based around machine-readability and interoperability standards."],["\nWorld Wide Web Conference[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=11"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main article: ",[["i",null]]],["The Web Conference",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Web_Conference"]]],["\nIn May 1994, the "],["first International WWW Conference",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Conference_1"]]],[", organized by "],["Robert Cailliau",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau"]]],[", was held at CERN; the conference has been held every year since."],["Robert Cailliau",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau"]]],["\n, Jean-François Abramatic, and "],["Tim Berners-Lee",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee"]]],["\n at the tenth anniversary of the "],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],["\n."],["\nWorld Wide Web Consortium[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=12"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main articles: ",[["i",null]]],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],[" and ",[["i",null]]],["Web standards",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_standards"]]],["See also: ",[["i",null]]],["Internet Information Services",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["Browser extension",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_extension"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["Acid1",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid1"]]],["\nThe "],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],[" (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in September/October 1994 in order to create open standards for the Web."],["[47]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-47"]]],[" It was founded at the "],["Massachusetts Institute of Technology",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"]]],[" Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the "],["Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency"]]],[" (DARPA), which had pioneered the Internet. A year later, a second site was founded at "],["INRIA",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INRIA"]]],[" (a French national computer research lab) with support from the "],["European Commission",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission"]]],["; and in 1996, a third continental site was created in Japan at "],["Keio University",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_University"]]],[".\nW3C comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made the Web available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The W3C decided that its standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone. Netscape and Microsoft, in the middle of a "],["browser war",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[", ignored the W3C and added elements to HTML ad hoc (e.g., "],["blink",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blink_element"]]],[" and "],["marquee",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquee_element"]]],["). Finally, in 1995, Netscape and Microsoft came to their senses and agreed to abide by the W3C's standard."],["[48]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-48"]]],["\nThe W3C published the standard for "],["HTML 4",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#HTML_4"]]],[" in 1997, which included "],["Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS"]]],[", giving designers more control over the appearance of web pages without the need for additional HTML tags. The W3C couldn't enforce compliance so none of the browsers were fully compliant. This frustrated web designers who formed the "],["Web Standards Project",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Standards_Project"]]],[" (WaSP) in 1998 with the goal of cajoling compliance with standards."],["[49]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-49"]]],[" "],["A List Apart",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_List_Apart"]]],[" and "],["CSS Zen Garden",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Zen_Garden"]]],[" were influential websites that promoted good design and adherence to standards."],["[50]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-50"]]],[" Nevertheless, AOL halted development of Netscape"],["[51]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-51"]]],[" and Microsoft was slow to update IE."],["[52]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-52"]]],[" "],["Mozilla",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],[" and "],["Apple",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."]]],[" both released browsers that aimed to be more standards compliant ("],["Firefox",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"]]],[" and "],["Safari",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)"]]],["), but were unable to dislodge IE as the dominant browser.\n1997 advertisement in "],["State Magazine",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Magazine"]]],["\n by the US "],["State Department Library",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_J._Bunche_Library"]]],["\n for sessions introducing the then-unfamiliar Web."],["\nCommercialization, dot-com boom and bust, aftermath[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=13"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["\nAs the Web grew in the mid-1990s, "],["web directories",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directory"]]],[" and primitive "],["search engines",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_web_search_engines"]]],[" were created to index pages and allow people to find things. Commercial use restrictions on the Internet were lifted in 1995 when "],["NSFNET",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSFNET"]]],[" was shut down. \nIn the US, the online service "],["America Online",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Online"]]],[" (AOL) offered their users a connection to the Internet via their own internal browser, using a dial-up Internet connection. In January 1994, "],["Yahoo!",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!"]]],[" was founded by "],["Jerry Yang",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang"]]],[" and "],["David Filo",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filo"]]],[", then students at "],["Stanford University",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"]]],[". "],["Yahoo! Directory",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Directory"]]],[" became the first popular "],["web directory",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directory"]]],[". "],["Yahoo! Search",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Search"]]],[", launched the same year, was the first popular search engine on the World Wide Web. Yahoo! became the quintessential example of a "],["first mover",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-mover_advantage"]]],[" on the Web. \n"],["Online shopping",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping"]]],[" began to emerge with the launch of "],["Amazon",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)"]]],["'s shopping site by "],["Jeff Bezos",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos"]]],[" in 1995 and "],["eBay",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay"]]],[" by "],["Pierre Omidyar",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar"]]],[" the same year. \nBy 1994, Marc Andreessen's "],["Netscape Navigator",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"]]],[" superseded Mosaic in popularity, holding the position for some time. Bill Gates outlined "],["Microsoft's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft"]]],[" strategy to dominate the Internet in his Tidal Wave memo in 1995."],["[53]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-53"]]],[" With the release of "],["Windows 95",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95"]]],[" and the popular "],["Internet Explorer",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer"]]],[" browser, many publicly companies began to develop a Web presence. At first, people mainly anticipated the possibilities of free publishing and instant worldwide information. By the late 1990s, the directory model had given way to search engines, corresponding with the rise of "],["Google Search",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search"]]],[", which developed new approaches to "],["relevancy ranking",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)"]]],[". Directory features, while still commonly available, became after-thoughts to search engines.\nNetscape had a very successful IPO valuing the company at $2.9 billion despite the lack of profits and triggering the "],["dot-com bubble",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble"]]],["."],["[54]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-54"]]],[" Increasing familiarity with the Web led to the growth of direct Web-based commerce ("],["e-commerce",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"]]],[") and instantaneous group communications worldwide. Many "],["dot-com companies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_company"]]],[", displaying products on hypertext webpages, were added into the Web. Over the next 5 years, over a trillion dollars was raised to fund thousands of startups consisting of little more than a website. \nDuring the "],["dot-com boom",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble"]]],[", many companies vied to create a dominant "],["web portal",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_portal"]]],[" in the belief that such a website would best be able to attract a large audience that in turn would attract "],["online advertising",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising"]]],[" revenue. While most of these portals offered a search engine, they were not interested in encouraging users to find other websites and leave the portal and instead concentrated on \"sticky\" content."],["[55]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-55"]]],[" In contrast, Google was a stripped-down search engine that delivered superior results."],["[56]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-56"]]],[" It was a hit with users who switched from portals to Google. Furthermore, with "],["AdWords",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Ads"]]],[", Google had an effective business model."],["[57]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-57"]]],["[58]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-58"]]],["\nAOL bought Netscape in 1998."],["[59]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-59"]]],[" In spite of their early success, Netscape was unable to fend off Microsoft."],["[60]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-msBeatNS-60"]]],[" "],["Internet Explorer",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer"]]],[" and a variety of other browsers almost completely replaced it.\nFaster "],["broadband internet",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_internet"]]],[" connections replaced many dial-up connections from the beginning of the 2000s.\nWith the bursting of the dot-com bubble, many web portals either scaled back operations, floundered,"],["[61]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-61"]]],[" or shut down entirely."],["[62]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-62"]]],["[63]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-63"]]],["[64]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-64"]]],[" AOL disbanded Netscape in 2003."],["[65]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-65"]]],["\nWeb server software[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=14"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Further information: ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of web server software",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_server_software"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of server-side web frameworks",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["List of content management systems",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems"]]],["\nWeb server software was developed to allow computers to act as "],["web servers",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server"]]],[". The first web servers supported only static files, such as HTML (and images), but now they commonly allow embedding of server side applications. "],["Web framework",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_framework"]]],[" software enabled building and deploying web applications. "],["Content management systems",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system"]]],[" (CMS) were developed to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them were built on top of separate "],["content management frameworks",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_framework"]]],[".\nAfter "],["Robert McCool",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McCool"]]],[" joined Netscape, development on the "],["NCSA HTTPd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_HTTPd"]]],[" server languished. In 1995, "],["Brian Behlendorf",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Behlendorf"]]],[" and Cliff Skolnick created a mailing list to coordinate efforts to fix bugs and make improvements to "],["HTTPd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Httpd"]]],["."],["[66]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-66"]]],[" They called their version of HTTPd, "],["Apache",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server"]]],[". Apache quickly became the dominant server on the Web."],["[67]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-67"]]],[" After adding support for modules, Apache was able to allow developers to handle web requests with a variety of languages including "],["Perl",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_perl"]]],[", "],["PHP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"]]],[" and "],["Python",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_python"]]],[". Together with "],["Linux",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"]]],[" and "],["MySQL",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL"]]],[", it became known as the "],["LAMP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)"]]],[" platform.\nFollowing the success of Apache, "],["the Apache Software Foundation",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apache_Software_Foundation"]]],[" was founded in 1999 and produced many "],["open source",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source"]]],[" "],["web software projects",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Apache_Software_Foundation_projects"]]],[" in the same collaborative spirit."],["\nBrowser wars[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=15"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main articles: ",[["i",null]]],["Browser wars",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[" and ",[["i",null]]],["History of the web browser",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser"]]],["See also: ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["List of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_browsers"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["Usage share of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers"]]],["\nAfter graduating from UIUC, Andreessen and "],["Jim Clark",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark"]]],[", former CEO of "],["Silicon Graphics",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics"]]],[", met and formed "],["Mosaic Communications Corporation",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_Communications_Corporation"]]],[" in April 1994 to develop the Mosaic Netscape browser commercially. The company later changed its name to "],["Netscape",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape"]]],[", and the browser was developed further as "],["Netscape Navigator",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"]]],[", which soon became the dominant web client. They also released the "],["Netsite Commerce web server",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_iPlanet_Web_Server"]]],[" which could handle "],["SSL",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security"]]],[" requests, thus enabling "],["e-commerce",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"]]],[" on the Web."],["[68]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-68"]]],[" SSL became the standard method to encrypt web traffic. Navigator 1.0 also introduced "],["cookies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie"]]],[", but Netscape did not publicize this feature. Netscape followed up with "],["Navigator 2",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_2"]]],[" in 1995 introducing "],["frames",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)"]]],[", "],["Java applets",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_applet"]]],[" and "],["JavaScript",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript"]]],[". In 1998, Netscape made Navigator open source and launched "],["Mozilla",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],["."],["[69]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-69"]]],["\nMicrosoft licensed Mosaic from "],["Spyglass",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc."]]],[" and released "],["Internet Explorer 1.0",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Internet_Explorer_1"]]],[" that year and "],["IE2",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2"]]],[" later the same year. IE2 added features pioneered at Netscape such as cookies, SSL, and JavaScript. The "],["browser wars",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[" became a competition for dominance when Explorer was bundled with Windows."],["[70]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-70"]]],[" This led to the "],["United States v. Microsoft Corporation",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corporation"]]],[" antitrust lawsuit.\n"],["IE3",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3"]]],[", released in 1996, added support for Java applets, "],["ActiveX",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveX"]]],[", and "],["CSS",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS"]]],[". At this point, Microsoft began bundling IE with Windows. IE3 managed to increase Microsoft's share of the browser market from under 10% to over 20%."],["[71]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-71"]]],[" "],["IE4",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4"]]],[", released the following year, introduced "],["Dynamic HTML",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_HTML"]]],[" setting the stage for the Web 2.0 revolution. By 1998, IE was able to capture the majority of the desktop browser market."],["[60]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-msBeatNS-60"]]],[" It would be the dominant browser for the next fourteen years.\n"],["Google",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"]]],[" released their "],["Chrome browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome"]]],[" in 2008 with the first "],["JIT",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation"]]],[" "],["JavaScript engine",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_engine"]]],[", "],["V8",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)"]]],[". Chrome overtook IE to become the dominant desktop browser in four years,"],["[72]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-72"]]],[" and overtook Safari to become the dominant mobile browser in two."],["[73]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-73"]]],[" At the same time, Google open sourced Chrome's "],["codebase",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebase"]]],[" as "],["Chromium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)"]]],["."],["[74]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-74"]]],["\n"],["Ryan Dahl",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Dahl"]]],[" used Chromium's V8 engine in 2009 to power an "],["event driven",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_architecture"]]],[" "],["runtime system",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_system"]]],[", "],["Node.js",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js"]]],[", which allowed JavaScript code to be used on servers as well as browsers. This led to the development of new software stacks such as "],["MEAN",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEAN_(solution_stack)"]]],[". Thanks to frameworks such as "],["Electron",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)"]]],[", developers can bundle up node applications as standalone desktop applications such as "],["Slack",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_(software)"]]],[".\nAcer and Samsung began selling "],["Chromebooks",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromebook"]]],[", cheap laptops running "],["Chrome OS",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_OS"]]],[" capable of running web apps, in 2011. Over the next decade, "],["more companies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chromebooks"]]],[" offered Chromebooks. Chromebooks outsold MacOS devices in 2020 to become the second most popular OS in the world."],["[75]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-75"]]],["\nOther notable web browsers emerged including "],["Mozilla's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],[" "],["Firefox",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"]]],[", "],["Opera's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(company)"]]],[" "],["Opera browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)"]]],[" and "],["Apple's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."]]],[" "],["Safari",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)"]]],["."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-robottxt":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-robottxt","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Robot.txt"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545796058,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/robottxt","blockId":"17e31a3b-df1d-4be2-9f9d-a72bc2f261ba","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994/07/03"]],"HAKT":[["Martijn Koster presented the "],["robots.txt standard",[["b",null]]],["\n (Robots exclusion standard or Robots exclusion protocol) as part of the W3C www-talk mailing list. The rules defined in the robots.txt file are used to prevent or restrict indexing robots from accessing a website."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"robots-txt-1994.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/e186c53e-55b1-46e5-b820-5caae7e6ff75/robots-txt-1994.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]],["\n"],["https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994",[["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:23 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-html-validator":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-html-validator","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st HTML validator"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545851646,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-html-validator","blockId":"e484b49c-d25f-40a8-a92d-82689d9a0a93","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994/07/13"]],"HAKT":[["Software engineers Dan Connolly and Mark Gaither created the first version of an "],["online HTML validator",[["b",null]]],[". The tool served to check the validity of documents, i.e. compare the document code with valid standards and look for potential errors."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p"</article></body></html>

f:["$","$L78",null,{"pageReplacement":"$undefined","getWebVital":false,"pageId":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company","records":{"block":{"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company","children":["c5a59f1252824a3289585005faa50ded"],"hasContent":true,"parentId":"35fec709ae8f405bb09f091e86e83e77","title":[["Apple cancels preexisting military drone Pentagon contract after acquiring AI company"]],"updatedAt":1662853740000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1615311540000,"lastEditedTime":1662853740000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"layout":{"pageLayoutSchema":[{"id":"PDZZ","type":"titleWithIcon"}],"pageInfoLayoutSchema":[{"id":"sQfm","type":"properties"}],"viewsMainTabModules":null},"propertySort":[{"property":"[Kwz","visibility":"show","type":"created_time","name":"Addition date"},{"property":"ouUd","visibility":"hide_if_empty","type":"relation","name":"mTags"},{"property":"8a550f48-80f0-4f21-be78-8e485edd379c","visibility":"hide_if_empty","name":"Change"},{"property":"Z`l{","visibility":"show","type":"created_by","name":"Added by"},{"property":"a}CF","visibility":"show","type":"url","name":"Link"},{"property":"El=w","visibility":"hide_if_empty","name":"Horizon and history date"},{"property":"af6002c1-4432-4430-b039-e7408040a453","visibility":"hide_if_empty","name":"URL"},{"property":";mXf","visibility":"hide_if_empty","name":"Computer, internet history "},{"property":"b_fX","visibility":"show","type":"select","name":"LAN"}],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company","fullWidth":false,"smallText":false,"noCover":true,"superProperties":{},"propertyValues":{"[Kwz":"Mar 9, 2021 5:39 PM","ouUd":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"d795f45b-c5a7-4fdd-a69c-b36e61b41f4b","title":[["Apple"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e9f8c49a-3310-49f1-a682-e840bd83d0e5/Apple-Emblem/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/apple"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3580a752-1a38-4b27-ac55-84f52304b3e4","title":[["Ethics & values"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/dc7a98c1-3a53-4a0f-bd5b-2c761550ef94/behavior/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/ethics"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"973ccbf3-f79e-4890-b49c-9916626be78a","title":[["Warfare, conflicts, violence"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/bbd3002e-876f-4c0f-9dc7-1724dc2b7106/tank/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/warfare-conflicts-violence"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"cf1f7708-c014-4d27-a286-14b531b576ba","title":[["Artificial intelligence"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/1cc2779d-8083-4f32-8398-234473a436ca/artificial-intelligence_(1)/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/artificial-intelligence"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"7fe88999-56b5-4a47-b119-34b8acaca80f","title":[["Defence"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e7eb3deb-06b8-438c-abc1-4aee0bd4eba3/shield/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/defence"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"b05fe435-2a53-4bae-99c5-546557042323","title":[["Pentagon"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/pentagon"}]]]],"Z`l{":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"a}CF":[["https://www.fastcompany.com/90458102/apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company?position=2&campaign_date=12122020",[["a","https://www.fastcompany.com/90458102/apple-cancels-preexisting-military-drone-pentagon-contract-after-acquiring-ai-company?position=2&campaign_date=12122020"]]]],"b_fX":[{"color":"red","value":"EN"}]},"blockId":"2141cf2c-50a9-43e8-bd91-c04d8c49ff0f"},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews","children":[],"hasContent":true,"parentId":"e1cadabb637d43a4a258ed5b58b05f49","title":[["FUTURE INTERVIEWS"]],"updatedAt":1709763318399,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","coverPosition":0.5,"createdTime":1665602400000,"lastEditedTime":1709763318399,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u"}]}],"description":null,"cover":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/79bc276c-16b7-435c-92e0-ff5bf61a5461/interviews/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews","blockId":"a912d075-e06c-4108-aad2-d2a458b94c3c"},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["2d computing machine"]],"updatedAt":1666896480001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650269815,"lastEditedTime":1666896480001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine","blockId":"1ee33a4a-8e95-468e-bbe5-2f53f2c1079e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1692",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Philosopher and mathematician Gottfried von Leibniz carried on Pascal’s invention through a more advanced computing machine, which could perform multiplications through repeated assembly."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:24 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history","children":[],"hasContent":true,"parentId":"5595c67b2a294325b77d058ae6920daa","title":[["LIGNE DU TEMPS"]],"updatedAt":1720298024833,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","icon":"📆","coverPosition":0.5223,"createdTime":1666472692503,"lastEditedTime":1720298024833,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"cover":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e6ad3212-aaeb-42d8-b339-c6b565325736/NeXTcube_first_webserver_b/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history","blockId":"367fbf82-0919-4f3c-85dc-54a3d3a13c4a"},"a8781b3b62e14621addeb4f1bd0d302f":{"id":"a8781b3b62e14621addeb4f1bd0d302f","children":[],"hasContent":true,"parentId":"f95a1bbb944f4efd9786068d532816c0","title":[["Futur Immédiat!"]],"updatedAt":1758572917065,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/13aad6cb-b6fc-4432-8490-5e50bce9a47d/FI_avatar/public","coverPosition":0.6582,"createdTime":1608720000000,"lastEditedTime":1758572917065,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"cover":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/14221284-c548-4911-a4ab-5a7c97cdfdc9/95205165_o/public","uri":"/a8781b3b62e14621addeb4f1bd0d302f","blockId":"a8781b3b-62e1-4621-adde-b4f1bd0d302f"},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-stars-and-planets":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-stars-and-planets","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Stars and planets"]],"updatedAt":1756153469729,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1669881060000,"lastEditedTime":1756153469729,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/stars-and-planets","blockId":"bdbee4d2-9845-4e59-9f40-bfa4f3362946","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[{"color":"blue","value":"Universe"}],"k_bC":[{"color":"green","value":"BC"}],"UGf|":[["- 5 000 000 000"]],"HAKT":[["Gravity makes dust and gaz gathering and forming stars and planets"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"4f68b5d4-f202-4ce0-812f-e3de5928d859","title":[["Universe"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/universe"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"95bbda8b-7e61-4450-91e0-07d1d980341a","title":[["Spacetime"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/spacetime"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"82385bb7-58e0-48a6-bc11-d276de99419d","title":[["Astronomy"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/507ae28f-488c-4e18-a35e-2ec7e334aff9/black-hole/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/astronomy"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"d2754853-9ed5-407b-bf00-cc191d8df99b","title":[["Earth"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/590d092e-c794-4b26-8f5e-856f52ad2aa1/planet-earth/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/earth"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Dec 1, 2022 7:51 AM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-big-bang":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-big-bang","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Big bang"]],"updatedAt":1756153473088,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1669880940000,"lastEditedTime":1756153473088,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/big-bang","blockId":"d280dee4-7b5e-416f-a72e-4fa05bd77ed0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[{"color":"blue","value":"Universe"}],"k_bC":[{"color":"green","value":"BC"}],"UGf|":[["- 13 000 000 000"]],"HAKT":[["Space and time starts"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"4f68b5d4-f202-4ce0-812f-e3de5928d859","title":[["Universe"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/universe"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"95bbda8b-7e61-4450-91e0-07d1d980341a","title":[["Spacetime"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/spacetime"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"82385bb7-58e0-48a6-bc11-d276de99419d","title":[["Astronomy"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/507ae28f-488c-4e18-a35e-2ec7e334aff9/black-hole/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/astronomy"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Dec 1, 2022 7:49 AM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ancient-greeks-and-ergonomics":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ancient-greeks-and-ergonomics","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Ancient Greeks and ergonomics"]],"updatedAt":1756153495331,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666908556767,"lastEditedTime":1756153495331,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/ancient-greeks-and-ergonomics","blockId":"db47b4c3-2b01-4dad-9a93-1d3948b70df0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[{"color":"gray","value":"Design"}],"k_bC":[{"color":"green","value":"BC"}],"UGf|":[["-500"]],"HAKT":[["As early as the 5th century BC, Greek civilizations designed their tools and workplaces based on ergonomic principles.\nAccording to the International Ergonomics Association, ergonomics*—"],["or human factors",[["i",null]]],["—*is “the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design and optimize human well-being and overall system performance.”\nOne of the strongest indications that the Ancient Greeks were well aware of ergonomic principles is the way that "],["Hippocrates described how a surgeon’s workplace should be set up",[["a","http://ergou.simor.ntua.gr/research/ancientGreece/AncientGreece.htm"]]],[". He refers to the lighting in the room, the surgeon’s positioning*—"],["“the surgeon may stand or be seated, in a posture comfortable for him”",[["i",null]]],["—*and the arrangement of tools; “they must be positioned in such a way as to not obstruct the surgeon, and also be within easy reach when required.”"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3a3d09f9-b19e-461c-b831-dd36383e8fc2","title":[["Design"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/143a15fb-ff4e-46da-848f-c05ae460bead/graphic-design/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/design"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"174f59cc-0c86-447c-873b-51ee64fef47b","title":[["User experience"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e36d468a-4306-4a21-9f84-f77a054313dd/ux-design/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/user-experience"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"953efa10-fed7-4f18-bf23-02a589971ad9","title":[["Greece"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/19744298-2536-4e4b-9c5f-5619322c9ceb/greece/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/greece"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3270d636-7a9f-496d-a90a-9d8fece6254b","title":[["Ergonomics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ergonomics"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:09 PM"}},"7612a997360a49ca8ae204da6f74f0fa":{"id":"7612a997360a49ca8ae204da6f74f0fa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Forerunner to modern formal language theory"]],"updatedAt":1666908420001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666908435464,"lastEditedTime":1666908420001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/7612a997360a49ca8ae204da6f74f0fa","blockId":"7612a997-360a-49ca-8ae2-04da6f74f0fa","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"green","value":"BC"}],"UGf|":[["-500"]],"HAKT":[[" Panini:",[["b",null]]],[" the Indian Mathematician introduces the forerunner to modern formal language theory"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"05aad8fd-0319-4155-b72e-6682eaa46d08","title":[["Mathematics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/mathematics"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:07 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-feng-shui-and-the-importance-of-space":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-feng-shui-and-the-importance-of-space","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Feng Shui and the importance of space"]],"updatedAt":1666908540001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666479603602,"lastEditedTime":1666908540001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/feng-shui-and-the-importance-of-space","blockId":"c3adccb0-224f-4bc1-8821-e9e7cd3ab0ac","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"green","value":"BC"}],"UGf|":[["-4000"]],"HAKT":[["Dating back some 6,000 years, Feng Shui literally translates as “wind” and “water”, and refers to the spatial arrangement of objects (e.g. furniture) in relation to the flow of energy (chi). In practice, Feng Shui is all about arranging your surroundings in the most optimal, harmonious or user-friendly way"],["—",[["i",null]]],[" be it an office, bedroom or entire building. It concerns everything from layout and framework to materials and colors."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"022e87d1-6693-4804-9ff1-7d77e48f7cb8","title":[["China"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/4868fa5d-58e5-4ef1-8670-66d564029de6/china/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/china"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3a3d09f9-b19e-461c-b831-dd36383e8fc2","title":[["Design"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/143a15fb-ff4e-46da-848f-c05ae460bead/graphic-design/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/design"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"174f59cc-0c86-447c-873b-51ee64fef47b","title":[["User experience"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e36d468a-4306-4a21-9f84-f77a054313dd/ux-design/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/user-experience"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 11:00 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-leonardo-da-vinci-depict-inventions-one-of-them-mechanical-calculator-and-programmable-robots":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-2d-computing-machine-future-interviews-leonardo-da-vinci-depict-inventions-one-of-them-mechanical-calculator-and-programmable-robots","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Leonardo da Vinci depict inventions, one of them mechanical calculator and programmable robots"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666479602768,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/leonardo-da-vinci-depict-inventions-one-of-them-mechanical-calculator-and-programmable-robots","blockId":"2c42fa21-3da2-44b3-b283-64ac0e07c760","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1492"]],"HAKT":[["Leonardo da Vinci:",[["b",null]]],[" Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci depict inventions such as flying machines, including a helicopter, the first mechanical calculator and one of the first programmable robots"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"68a96309-a88d-4c0c-9d6d-6637302c2a41","title":[["Robotics"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/9c76f121-6c75-4516-8d43-799f5073bf51/robot-2/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/robotics"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 11:00 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-napier-moveable-rods-calculator":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-napier-moveable-rods-calculator","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Napier moveable rods calculator "]],"updatedAt":1666650120001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559015291,"lastEditedTime":1666650120001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/napier-moveable-rods-calculator","blockId":"9a497a68-67ba-4829-b240-99490e1466c0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1614",[["b",null]]],["\n"]],"HAKT":[["** John Napier:** invents a system of moveable rods (Napier's Rods) based on logarithms which were able to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots\nJohn Napier invents Napier’s Bones computing machine, a manual calculation device for calculating number quotas."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:03 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-computer-clock":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-computer-clock","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Computer clock"]],"updatedAt":1666896420001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650190753,"lastEditedTime":1666896420001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/computer-clock","blockId":"210f1667-b36d-468c-9004-a7e22243009c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1624",[["b",null]]],["\n"]],"HAKT":[["Wilhelm Schickard constructs the first mechanical computer, which used techniques such as toothed wheels. This computer was called a “computer clock” because the wheels used were originally developed for watches."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:23 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-automatic-machine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-automatic-machine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st automatic machine"]],"updatedAt":1666896420001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650220566,"lastEditedTime":1666896420001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-automatic-machine","blockId":"48365c10-cb09-4c85-b836-4f4b14333da0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1642",[["b",null]]],["\n"]],"HAKT":[["Blaise Pascal creates the barometer, the first automatic computing machine, built to help his father in calculating taxes. The machine was doing assemblies and subtractions using wheels numbered from zero to nine."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:23 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-gottfrield-leibniz-calculus":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-gottfrield-leibniz-calculus","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Gottfrield Leibniz : Calculus"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559080629,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/gottfrield-leibniz-calculus","blockId":"48e73033-0449-4444-9d56-0b3c7b6f77ba","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1671",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Gottfried Leibniz:",[["b",null]]],[" becomes known as one of the founding fathers of calculus"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"b909cb25-78fa-4d79-85cb-aabca18de337","title":[["Gold"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/6af4fae8-8b2a-40bc-8eeb-355ba231ad34/gold-ingots/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/gold"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:04 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-binary-system-is-perfected":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-binary-system-is-perfected","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Binary system is perfected"]],"updatedAt":1666896420001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650239735,"lastEditedTime":1666896420001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/binary-system-is-perfected","blockId":"e388a4f7-47de-40b7-b5d6-6557fe7caf74","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1679",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Gottfried Leibniz perfects the binary system, thus laying the foundations for computing machines."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:23 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-prototype-of-the-semi-automatic-weaving-war":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-prototype-of-the-semi-automatic-weaving-war","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Prototype of the semi automatic weaving war"]],"updatedAt":1666896600001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650289781,"lastEditedTime":1666896600001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/prototype-of-the-semi-automatic-weaving-war","blockId":"50e5038f-7647-4c77-87d2-b55a8cbe7a40","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1725",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Basile Bouchon used a perforated paper loop in a weaving war to reproduce a template on a fabric."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:24 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-semi-automatic-weaving-war":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-semi-automatic-weaving-war","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Semi-automatic weaving war"]],"updatedAt":1666896540001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650315349,"lastEditedTime":1666896540001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/semi-automatic-weaving-war","blockId":"dfd8bad1-e6fe-4203-8b53-0dea605c96d3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1726",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Jean-Baptiste Falcon, Basile Bouchon’s collaborator, came up with improvements by creating the semi-automatic weaving war, which used perforated paper cards caught together."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:25 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-electricity-kite-expiriment":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-electricity-kite-expiriment","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Electricity kite expiriment"]],"updatedAt":1666896600001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650339392,"lastEditedTime":1666896600001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/electricity-kite-expiriment","blockId":"3295f1bf-ef39-4469-889e-3d5d19bde41e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1751",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Ben Franklin conducts his famous experiment with a kite proving the connection between lightning and small electric sparks."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:25 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-semi-automatic-weaving-war-pretend-the-fist-to-double-checc-w-1725":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-semi-automatic-weaving-war-pretend-the-fist-to-double-checc-w-1725","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Semi automatic weaving war (pretend the fist) TO DOUBLE CHECC W/ 1725"]],"updatedAt":1666896660001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650362099,"lastEditedTime":1666896660001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/semi-automatic-weaving-war-pretend-the-fist-to-double-checc-w-1725","blockId":"ede57fae-628f-49ff-a0aa-f60dbae1046d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1801",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Joseph-Marie Jaquard invents the first semi-automatic weaving war using the concept of punching cards to weave complex patterns into canvas. This invention becomes the foundation of a programmable machine."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:26 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-arithmometer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-arithmometer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Arithmometer"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559114007,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/arithmometer","blockId":"0d8e4076-e826-4aa9-815f-8734c5bca7df","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1820",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Arithmometer:",[["b",null]]],[" The Arithmometer was the first mass-produced calculator invented by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:05 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-allumettes-friction":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-allumettes-friction","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Allumettes à friction"]],"updatedAt":1728943493053,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1728943476337,"lastEditedTime":1728943493053,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/allumettes-friction","blockId":"11fae5fa-5a7e-8057-b0af-f95eb3b83919","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1826"]],"HAKT":[],"[|ax":[],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 14, 2024 10:04 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-continuous-electricity":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-continuous-electricity","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Continuous electricity"]],"updatedAt":1666896660001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650380168,"lastEditedTime":1666896660001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/continuous-electricity","blockId":"8222b317-45b2-4b28-9cd2-73de159b9951","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1831",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Michael Faraday creates electric dynamite and manages to obtain electricity in a continuous and practical way, an invention that will be used for information technology in the contemporary era."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:26 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mechanical-computer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mechanical-computer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mechanical computer"]],"updatedAt":1666896660001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650413239,"lastEditedTime":1666896660001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mechanical-computer","blockId":"53a556a4-e0bc-4ae7-bb83-0d33954f36f4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1833",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Charles Babbage designs Analytical Engine, a general-purpose mechanical computer. The idea was too complex for the time because parts could not be made with such precision, so the project was abandoned."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:26 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tabulating-machine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tabulating-machine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Tabulating Machine",[["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559217735,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/tabulating-machine","blockId":"f9307590-c061-462f-b2c8-19c9544593b0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1853",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Tabulating Machine:",[["b",null]]],[" is invented by Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:06 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-laws-of-tought-foudnations-of-bolean-algebra-mathematical-logic":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-laws-of-tought-foudnations-of-bolean-algebra-mathematical-logic","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Laws of tought, foudnations of bolean algebra, mathematical logic"]],"updatedAt":1666896720001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650449505,"lastEditedTime":1666896720001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/laws-of-tought-foudnations-of-bolean-algebra-mathematical-logic","blockId":"488bcd47-624d-4ca9-9924-923e6140e054","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1854",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["George Boole publishes the article An Investigation into the Laws of Thought, which lays the foundations of Boolean algebra and develops a new kind of logic, mathematical logic."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:27 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-boolean-algebra-introduced-ion-usa":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-boolean-algebra-introduced-ion-usa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Boolean algebra introduced ion USA"]],"updatedAt":1666896780001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650470538,"lastEditedTime":1666896780001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/boolean-algebra-introduced-ion-usa","blockId":"b2f5900e-3769-4202-9603-e3f3f17bb78b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1867",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Charles Sanders Peirce introduces Boolean algebra in the United States. In addition, Peirce defined concepts such as: inductive reasoning, mathematical induction and logical inference. He noted that logical operations can be performed through electrical switching circuits idea used decades later to produce digital computers."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:27 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-incandescent-filament-bulb":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-incandescent-filament-bulb","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Incandescent filament bulb"]],"updatedAt":1666896720001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650483861,"lastEditedTime":1666896720001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/incandescent-filament-bulb","blockId":"608d7e0b-2993-4e87-8d9f-f4a532c125f2","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1878"]],"HAKT":[["Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan manage to invent the incandescent filament bulb."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:28 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-power-generation-station":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-power-generation-station","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st power generation station"]],"updatedAt":1666896780001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650528661,"lastEditedTime":1666896780001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-power-generation-station","blockId":"9887001f-2ffc-4639-b43f-3191ec45f35a","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1882"]],"HAKT":[["The first power generation station was opened on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan, New York."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:28 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-comptometer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-comptometer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Comptometer",[["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559241073,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/comptometer","blockId":"46ae2ce0-56af-41cc-9cd6-68a7addbc2e5","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1884",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Comptometer:",[["b",null]]],[" The Comptometer which is operated by pressing keys is developed by Dorr E. Felt"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:07 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mechanical-counting-machine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mechanical-counting-machine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mechanical counting machine"]],"updatedAt":1666650540001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559319354,"lastEditedTime":1666650540001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mechanical-counting-machine","blockId":"2e9c029c-a199-4794-af7c-3aa6f2589dc4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1890",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Herman Hollerith:",[["b",null]]],[" invents a counting machine which has increment mechanical counters\nHerman Hollerith builds the mechanical tab with perforated cards for the American census, arising from a crisis that by 1880 the population of the United States had grown so large that it took more than seven years to calculate the results of the census."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:08 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-taylorism-and-the-quest-for-workspace-efficiency":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-taylorism-and-the-quest-for-workspace-efficiency","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Taylorism and the quest for workspace efficiency"]],"updatedAt":1666908780001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650601236,"lastEditedTime":1666908780001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/taylorism-and-the-quest-for-workspace-efficiency","blockId":"d2ab134b-c61f-4672-b9b4-0f7b33bcba71","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1900s (early)"]],"HAKT":[["Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer and pioneer of Taylorism*—*otherwise known as Scientific Management. On a mission to make human labor more efficient, Taylor conducted extensive research into the interactions between workers and their tools.\nIn 1911, he wrote “The Principles of Scientific Management” in which he asserted that systematic management is the solution to inefficiency. Although Taylorism was widely criticised for the way it reduced people to mere cogs in a machine, Taylor’s focus on optimizing the relationship between humans and their tools."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"1d77205a-412d-4ed9-b820-5157d1a96830","title":[["Workplace"]],"icon":"🏢","uri":"/master-tag-database/workplace"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3270d636-7a9f-496d-a90a-9d8fece6254b","title":[["Ergonomics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ergonomics"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:30 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mundaneum":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mundaneum","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mundaneum"]],"updatedAt":1667409360001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666945188315,"lastEditedTime":1667409360001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mundaneum","blockId":"6355fb53-66cd-4f67-b033-bea3ab054180","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1910"]],"HAKT":[["The "],["Mundaneum ",[["b",null]]],["was an institution which aimed to gather together all the world's "],["knowledge",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge"]]],["\n and classify it according to a system called the "],["Universal Decimal Classification",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Decimal_Classification"]]],[" by Paul Otlet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"4a7b1356-cfb8-448c-b18f-bb6189c4f3af","title":[["Information architecture"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76e98187-7146-41b2-9e95-e0cca951eff1/wireframe_(1)/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/information-architecture"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"87e90c25-7c33-4b27-b30d-af8b9b11d7a3","title":[["Information"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/f3a03cb9-0e87-41ba-a0be-cfa790f8aee1/info_(1)/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/information"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 28, 2022 8:19 AM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ibm-is-created":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ibm-is-created","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Innovations in 1922"]],"updatedAt":1672255680001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666908664214,"lastEditedTime":1672255680001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/ibm-is-created","blockId":"366b870e-4e6e-4557-817c-ec5f21aebb2d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1922"]],"HAKT":[["n 1922, the world was just emerging from the aftermath of the Spanish flu—1922 ushered in a new era for progress and rebirth.\nIn that year, in the United States:\nThere were ~12 million cars on the road\nThe price of gas was 11 cents per gallon\nThe Ford Model-T cost a mere $319\nOnly 40% of Americans had electricity in their homesOnly \n35% had a telephone\nLife expectancy was 58 years for men and 61 years for women (about 20 years less than today)Top breakthrough inventions 1922? \nThere were ONLY 7 (that I could find)...\nThe first water skis were demonstrated using wooden boards and a clothesline\nThe first manually retractable, convertible car hardtop was invented\nThe electric blender was invented for making malts and milkshakes\nThe radial arm saw was invented to cut and shape long pieces of stock materialThe use of insulin for the first time in a person to treat diabetesVitamin E was discoveredThe Australians invented Vegemite"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:11 PM"}},"d0068b126f26468e99e5492666aa4ab8":{"id":"d0068b126f26468e99e5492666aa4ab8","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["IBM is created"]],"updatedAt":1672255620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1672255629282,"lastEditedTime":1672255620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/d0068b126f26468e99e5492666aa4ab8","blockId":"d0068b12-6f26-468e-99e5-492666aa4ab8","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1924"]],"HAKT":[["Hollerith’s company joins with others to create the IBM corporation, which would later be the world market leader from 1950 to 1980."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Dec 28, 2022 7:27 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-precursor-of-digital-computer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-precursor-of-digital-computer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Precursor of digital computer"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559351365,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/precursor-of-digital-computer","blockId":"f3a71228-725f-47ff-b590-3546545b9f43","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1930",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Vannevar Bush: develops a partly electronic Difference Engine (the precursor to the digital computer)"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:09 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mondothque-concept":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mondothque-concept","children":[],"hasContent":true,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mondothèque (concept)"]],"updatedAt":1667409540001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1667409457643,"lastEditedTime":1667409540001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mondothque-concept","blockId":"f650a2fd-5b8a-43bd-9601-ae09b129cdc7","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1934"]],"HAKT":[["Paul Otlet préfigure le concept d’internet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"4a7b1356-cfb8-448c-b18f-bb6189c4f3af","title":[["Information architecture"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76e98187-7146-41b2-9e95-e0cca951eff1/wireframe_(1)/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/information-architecture"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"87e90c25-7c33-4b27-b30d-af8b9b11d7a3","title":[["Information"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/f3a03cb9-0e87-41ba-a0be-cfa790f8aee1/info_(1)/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/information"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"Paul-Otlet-vision.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/76426765-f01d-4f59-ab75-4d5c07163c6e/Paul-Otlet-vision.jpg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"arc-munda-eumc-155-72.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/415d92b7-0962-4ab4-b4ee-0bccc11f180d/arc-munda-eumc-155-72.jpg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Nov 2, 2022 5:17 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-alan-turing-cars":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-alan-turing-cars","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Alan Turing cars"]],"updatedAt":1666896840001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650622468,"lastEditedTime":1666896840001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/alan-turing-cars","blockId":"7c45c07c-d052-4093-af78-f526110eb97e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1936"]],"HAKT":[["Allan Turing designs the cars that bear his name. He argued that they could solve any mathematical problem based on an algorithmic procedure. Turing machines will later be the base of modern computers."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:30 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-digital-electornic-computer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-digital-electornic-computer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st digital electornic computer"]],"updatedAt":1666896840001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650687134,"lastEditedTime":1666896840001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-digital-electornic-computer","blockId":"ecd65858-81dc-42f2-86cb-13d3c2fd852c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1937"]],"HAKT":[["Dr. John V. Atanasoff together that Clifford Berry’s assistant built the first digital electronic computer. In 1973, he won the case to cancel the ENIAC patent, and Atanasoff received the merits of inventor of the first digital electronic computer."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:31 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-punch-tape-binary-computer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-punch-tape-binary-computer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Punch tape binary computer"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559375618,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/punch-tape-binary-computer","blockId":"41c0ab06-276d-4457-b57f-1bfcf1c708ea","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1938",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Konrad Zuse",[["b",null]]],[": creates the Z1 Computer a binary digital computer using punch tape"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:09 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-atanasoft-berry-computer-prototype":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-atanasoft-berry-computer-prototype","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Atanasoft-Berry computer prototype"]],"updatedAt":1666636560001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559409142,"lastEditedTime":1666636560001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/atanasoft-berry-computer-prototype","blockId":"f56fe7ef-a4d9-495c-bb6d-5a4989f027bf","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1939",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry:",[["b",null]]],[" develop the ABC (Atanasoft-Berry Computer) prototype"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:10 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-alan-turing-develop-colossus-the-enigma-machine-killer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-alan-turing-develop-colossus-the-enigma-machine-killer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Toyota and the value of human input"]],"updatedAt":1666908900001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559434939,"lastEditedTime":1666908900001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/alan-turing-develop-colossus-the-enigma-machine-killer","blockId":"a63516c6-e1e9-4888-8c3c-335b9ff6aa14","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1940’s",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Continuing on the quest for workplace efficiency, Toyota developed their famous human-centered production system. Unlike Taylorism, the Toyota Production System was based upon respect for people, and much attention was paid to creating the optimal working environment. Not only that: human input was considered crucial, and was actively encouraged. Toyota factory workers could pull a cord to stop the assembly line if they had feedback or suggestions to improve the process, for example*—*like usability testing in action, if you will.\nThis represents a key step in UX history as it really brought attention to the importance of how humans interact with machines. No matter how advanced technology is, its value is limited to its usability*—*and that’s exactly what UX design is all about."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"1d77205a-412d-4ed9-b820-5157d1a96830","title":[["Workplace"]],"icon":"🏢","uri":"/master-tag-database/workplace"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3270d636-7a9f-496d-a90a-9d8fece6254b","title":[["Ergonomics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ergonomics"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"174f59cc-0c86-447c-873b-51ee64fef47b","title":[["User experience"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e36d468a-4306-4a21-9f84-f77a054313dd/ux-design/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/user-experience"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:10 PM"}},"09345e58d19049b4980448ea22a60f70":{"id":"09345e58d19049b4980448ea22a60f70","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Alan Turing develop Colossus, the Enigma machine killer"]],"updatedAt":1666908780001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666908831853,"lastEditedTime":1666908780001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/09345e58d19049b4980448ea22a60f70","blockId":"09345e58-d190-49b4-9804-48ea22a60f70","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1943",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Colossus:",[["b",null]]],[" Alan Turing develops the code-breaking machine Colossus\nThe British Colossus computer, the first fully programmable digital electronic computer built by Tommy Flowers, is used during World War II and manages to crack Lord Lorenz’s code."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:13 PM"}},"a31fa6e43d9a443f8dd1ea90b72f45ea":{"id":"a31fa6e43d9a443f8dd1ea90b72f45ea","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666650780001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650788552,"lastEditedTime":1666650780001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/a31fa6e43d9a443f8dd1ea90b72f45ea","blockId":"a31fa6e4-3d9a-443f-8dd1-ea90b72f45ea","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1945"]],"HAKT":[["John von Neumann, a renowned mathematician and computer pioneer, talks about the ability of computers to store programs in the preliminary speech on the logical design of an electronic computing tool. Most modern computers are built on von Neumann architecture and implement the functional model of the Turing machine."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:33 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-eniac-and-the-term-computer-bug":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-eniac-and-the-term-computer-bug","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["ENIAC"]],"updatedAt":1666650840001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559472297,"lastEditedTime":1666650840001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/eniac-and-the-term-computer-bug","blockId":"235f2354-c4f8-4424-b1e2-6d40cb572999","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1945",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["** ENIAC:** John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly develop the ENIAC ( Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)\nJohn von Neumann, a renowned mathematician and computer pioneer, talks about the ability of computers to store programs in the preliminary speech on the logical design of an electronic computing tool. Most modern computers are built on von Neumann architecture and implement the functional model of the Turing machine."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:11 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-term-computer-bug":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-term-computer-bug","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["The term computer bug"]],"updatedAt":1666650840001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650836880,"lastEditedTime":1666650840001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/the-term-computer-bug","blockId":"fd4a49df-d917-465b-b26e-eb5bb6cf20cb","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1945",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["** Computer Bug:** the term computer ‘bug’ is first used by Grace Hopper"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:33 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-forerunner-of-ram":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-forerunner-of-ram","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Forerunner of RAM"]],"updatedAt":1666636620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559499170,"lastEditedTime":1666636620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/forerunner-of-ram","blockId":"f0d86827-48a9-4fb9-ba6d-54ea5c90ff3a","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1946",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["F.C. Williams:",[["b",null]]],[" develops his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device, the forerunner to random-access memory (RAM)"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:11 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pilot-ace-and-theory-of-keyboardscreen-interface":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pilot-ace-and-theory-of-keyboardscreen-interface","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Pilot ACE and theory of keyboard/screen interface"]],"updatedAt":1666636620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559529358,"lastEditedTime":1666636620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/pilot-ace-and-theory-of-keyboardscreen-interface","blockId":"f1566a93-e04e-4ac6-b4dc-dc90fb1c324b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1947",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["** Pilot ACE:** Donald Watts Davies joins Alan Turing to build the fastest digital computer in England at the time, the Pilot ACE\n"],["Douglas Engelbart:",[["b",null]]],[" theorises on interactive computing with keyboard and screen display instead of on punchcards"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:12 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-baby-digital-crt-storage":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-baby-digital-crt-storage","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["The baby (Digital CRT storage)"]],"updatedAt":1666650900001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559552997,"lastEditedTime":1666650900001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/the-baby-digital-crt-storage","blockId":"a66d963a-fc5a-4c8e-9b6c-061517680a7d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1948",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["** Frederic Calland Williams & Tom Kilburn:** develop the SSEM \"Small Scale Experimental Machine\" digital CRT storage which was soon nicknamed the \"Baby\"\nThe computer called “Baby” was activated, the first computer with a stored program that used the binary system, in the Manchester University laboratory. Small Scale Experimental Machine was the official name and was the first computer to use von Neumann architecture and perform several operations."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:12 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1sdt-electronic-computer-in-japan-and-alan-turing-publish-paper-helpingbuild-the-turing-test":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1sdt-electronic-computer-in-japan-and-alan-turing-publish-paper-helpingbuild-the-turing-test","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1sdt electronic computer in Japan and Alan Turing publish paper helpingbuild the Turing test"]],"updatedAt":1666636620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559582020,"lastEditedTime":1666636620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1sdt-electronic-computer-in-japan-and-alan-turing-publish-paper-helpingbuild-the-turing-test","blockId":"781bb2eb-ed13-4529-8efb-8d003d511c6a","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1950",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Hideo Yamachito:",[["b",null]]],[" creates the first electronic computer in Japan "],["Alan Turing:",[["b",null]]],[" publishes his paper - Computing Machinery and Intelligence which helps create the Turing Test"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:13 PM"}},"e07edc07087f462ca20f51c521c209af":{"id":"e07edc07087f462ca20f51c521c209af","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666650900001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650927828,"lastEditedTime":1666650900001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/e07edc07087f462ca20f51c521c209af","blockId":"e07edc07-087f-462c-a20f-51c521c209af","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1951"]],"HAKT":[["John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert complete UNIVAC1, the first commercial and administrative computer produced in the United States. It was used by the United States Census Bureau for the population census. The fifth such computer was used by CBS television station in 1952 to successfully predict the outcome of the election using only 1% of the vote."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:35 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-business-computer":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-business-computer","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st business computer"]],"updatedAt":1666636620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559645184,"lastEditedTime":1666636620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-business-computer","blockId":"7615e5a9-a1f0-4a93-84af-b8510f46815d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1951",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["LEO:",[["b",null]]],[" T. Raymond Thompson and John Simmons develop the first business computer, the Lyons Electronic Office (LEO) at Lyons Co. "],["UNIVAC:",[["b",null]]],[" UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) is introduced - the first commercial computer made in the United States and designed principally by John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly\n"],[" EDVAC",[["b",null]]],[": The EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) begins performing basic tasks. Unlike the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:14 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ibm-701":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-ibm-701","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["IBM 701"]],"updatedAt":1666636620001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559957738,"lastEditedTime":1666636620001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/ibm-701","blockId":"310ddd28-79e1-4d9d-b221-89595aff8f93","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1953",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The IBM 701 becomes available and a total of 19 are sold to the scientific community"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-henry-dreyfuss-and-the-art-of-designing-for-people":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-henry-dreyfuss-and-the-art-of-designing-for-people","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Henry Dreyfuss and the art of designing for people"]],"updatedAt":1666908960001,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666908955774,"lastEditedTime":1666908960001,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/henry-dreyfuss-and-the-art-of-designing-for-people","blockId":"faa20aa9-823a-4f3d-9fa4-fee326cfd97f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1955",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Another key figure in the history of UX design is Henry Dreyfuss, an American industrial engineer who was renowned for designing and improving the usability of some of the most iconic consumer products*—*including the Hoover vacuum cleaner, the tabletop telephone and the Royal Typewriter Company’s Quiet DeLuxe model.\nDreyfuss’ design philosophy was based on common sense and scientific approaches. In 1955, he wrote Designing for People, which pretty much explains UX design in a nutshell: “When the point of contact between the product and the people becomes a point of friction, then the [designer] has failed. On the other hand, if people are made safer, more comfortable, more eager to purchase, more efficient—or just plain happier—by contact with the product, then the designer has succeeded.”"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3270d636-7a9f-496d-a90a-9d8fece6254b","title":[["Ergonomics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ergonomics"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"174f59cc-0c86-447c-873b-51ee64fef47b","title":[["User experience"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e36d468a-4306-4a21-9f84-f77a054313dd/ux-design/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/user-experience"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:15 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-optical-fiber":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-optical-fiber","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Optical Fiber"]],"updatedAt":1666636620000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559979417,"lastEditedTime":1666636620000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/optical-fiber","blockId":"836e4186-f43a-48c8-b345-103b44b51301","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1956",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Optical fibre",[["b",null]]],[" is invented by Basil Hirschowitz, C. Wilbur Peters, and Lawrence E. Curtiss"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"43c81e60-070c-47d3-8907-e07a09dcd7e8","title":[["Connectivity"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/connectivity"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-control-data-cdc-is-founded":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-control-data-cdc-is-founded","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Control Data (CDC) is founded"]],"updatedAt":1667935020000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666650956584,"lastEditedTime":1667935020000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/control-data-cdc-is-founded","blockId":"3ee16ef5-00d8-4a4d-826c-cc9a4e8f0f2b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1957"]],"HAKT":[["Seymor Cray and William Norris founded Control Data (CDC). In the 1960s it produced the fastest computers in the world. In 1972 Seymor Cray, known as the “father of supercomputers”, left the CDC and founded his own company Cray Research, which still exists today as CRAY Inc."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:35 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-transistor":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-transistor","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st transistor "]],"updatedAt":1669238880000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666651281190,"lastEditedTime":1669238880000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-transistor","blockId":"31e4c7a3-6876-4323-a0e3-d2abd715ceb0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1958"]],"HAKT":[["Bell Labs announces the first transistor, which becomes the basis of the electronic age. After this invention it becomes possible to make smaller computers."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-integrated-circuit":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-integrated-circuit","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st integrated circuit"]],"updatedAt":1666636620000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666559999444,"lastEditedTime":1666636620000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-integrated-circuit","blockId":"4c679373-ec9b-4e96-85bc-8c39dc6515c2","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1958",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Silicon chip:",[["b",null]]],[" the first integrated circuit, or silicon chip, is produced by Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-theory-of-survivability-of-communication-systems-under-nuclear-attack":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-theory-of-survivability-of-communication-systems-under-nuclear-attack","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Theory of survivability of communication systems under nuclear attack"]],"updatedAt":1666636620000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560022046,"lastEditedTime":1666636620000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/theory-of-survivability-of-communication-systems-under-nuclear-attack","blockId":"4cc67a1c-bbec-4bf7-8070-4bf8eb621ce3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1959",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Paul Baran:",[["b",null]]],[" theorises on the \"survivability of communication systems under nuclear attack\", digital technology and symbiosis between humans and machines"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:20 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-industrial-robot":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-industrial-robot","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st industrial robot"]],"updatedAt":1666636800000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560048081,"lastEditedTime":1666636800000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-industrial-robot","blockId":"68d22b52-1dfd-4b9e-b9c8-d345e1ced4af","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1961",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Unimate:",[["b",null]]],[" General Motors puts the first industrial robot, Unimate, to work in a New Jersey factory"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"68a96309-a88d-4c0c-9d6d-6637302c2a41","title":[["Robotics"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/9c76f121-6c75-4516-8d43-799f5073bf51/robot-2/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/robotics"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:20 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-computer-game-spacewar":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-computer-game-spacewar","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st computer game : Spacewar"]],"updatedAt":1666651320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560069303,"lastEditedTime":1666651320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-computer-game-spacewar","blockId":"887f783a-a972-4557-8e0a-ad9074c8fd28","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1962",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The first computer game:",[["b",null]]],[" the Spacewar Computer Game is created invented by Steve Russell & MIT\n1961 – Stephen Russell, along with Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen, invents the first video game. Spacewar! initially run on a PDP-1 computer, the first computer that allowed multiple users to exist at once."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:21 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-internet-early-concept":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-internet-early-concept","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Internet early concept"]],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666472758855,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/internet-early-concept","blockId":"6bf9c22a-a5d5-4009-8845-389a1c639071","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1962"]],"HAKT":[["At "],["MIT",[["b",null]]],[", a wide variety of computer experiments are going on. "],["Ivan Sutherland",[["b",null]]],[" uses the TX-2 to write "],["Sketchpad",[["b",null]]],[", "],["the origin of graphical programs for computer-aided design.\nJ.C.R. Licklider",[["b",null]]],[" writes memos about his "],["Intergalactic Network concept",[["b",null]]],[", where everyone on the globe is interconnected and can access programs and data at any site from anywhere. He is talking to his own ‘Intergalactic Network’ of researchers across the country. In October, "],["‘Lick’ becomes the first head of the computer research program at ARPA",[["b",null]]],[", which he calls the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO).\n"],["Leonard Kleinrock",[["b",null]]],[" completes his doctoral dissertation at MIT on queuing "],["theory in communication networks",[["b",null]]],[", and becomes an assistant professor at "],["UCLA",[["b",null]]],[".\n\nThe SAGE (Semi Automatic Ground Environment), based on earlier work at MIT and IBM, is fully deployed as the North American early warning system. \nOperators of ‘weapons directing consoles’ use a light gun to identify moving objects that show up on their radar screens. SAGE sites are used to direct air defense. This project provides experience in the development of the SABRE air travel reservation system and later air traffic control systems.\n\n"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"c6a382ab-f69b-4e06-80dc-614ea846bce4","title":[["Information Technologies (IT)"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/a06fad49-9989-42e5-86ea-68bd7ac8228c/cpu/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/information-technologies-it"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fda2065f-9fc3-46be-ae7a-550b26a6fa0b","title":[["UCLA"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ucla"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"ac2bcb0b-db89-4995-bfeb-98c2016ab9b6","title":[["IBM"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/3da3412e-640c-4d11-8173-686fa01f983a/ibm/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/ibm"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"tx-2.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/03cf0d71-5a64-478d-bd21-f8c5b5cd5519/tx-2.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"sage.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/0632d97f-306e-497e-8c27-bd10e8babcad/sage.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:05 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-computer-mouse":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-computer-mouse","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Computer mouse"]],"updatedAt":1666651320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560095587,"lastEditedTime":1666651320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/computer-mouse","blockId":"55c1824e-a593-4211-8372-2ae26e45caa5","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1963",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The Computer Mouse:",[["b",null]]],[" Douglas Engelbart invents and patents the first computer mouse (nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end) The American Standard Code for Information Interchange "],["(ASCII)",[["b",null]]],[" is developed to standardize data exchange among computers\n1963 – Douglas Engelbart and Bill English invent the mouse. Engelbart was also the leader of the team that invented the computer network and hypertext."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:21 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-arpa":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-arpa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["ARPA"]],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666472758855,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/arpa","blockId":"39093bd4-39d3-4a5f-99cf-6a71a02b35d4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1963"]],"HAKT":[["Licklider starts to talk with Larry Roberts of Lincoln Labs, director of the TX-2 project, Ivan Sutherland, a computer graphics expert whom he has hired to work at ARPA and Bob Taylor, who joins ARPA in 1965. Lick contracts with MIT, UCLA, and BBN to start work on his vision.\n\nSyncom, the first synchronous communication satellite, is launched. NASA’s satellite is assembled in the Hughes Aircraft Company’s facility in Culver City, California. Total payload is 55 pounds.\n\nA joint industry-government committee "],["develops ASCII ",[["b",null]]],["(American Standard Code for Information Interchange), the first universal standard for computers. It permits machines from different manufacturers to exchange data. 128 unique 7-bit strings stand for either a letter of the English alphabet, one of the \n\nArabic numerals, one of an assortment of punctuation marks and symbols, or a special function, such as the carriage return."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2a833419-1d1e-47e9-830c-24ff3bf18b66","title":[["NASA"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/82daeac2-a64c-4f95-a7fb-f728eff53b97/nasa-logo-web-rgb/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/nasa"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fda2065f-9fc3-46be-ae7a-550b26a6fa0b","title":[["UCLA"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ucla"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"syncom_satellite.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/407e1d59-6174-46ab-af0b-475fc8c718b1/syncom_satellite.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"ascii_t.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/777412f5-0adf-4b3b-93a7-b8997294e8fa/ascii_t.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:05 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-clays-cdc-6600":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-clays-cdc-6600","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Clays CDC 6600"]],"updatedAt":1666651380000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666651400909,"lastEditedTime":1666651380000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/clays-cdc-6600","blockId":"62f61239-509e-4f01-ad66-5a8851b333be","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1964"]],"HAKT":[["Clays CDC 6600 becomes the fastest computer."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"bfbb3ee9-ae2f-4cc7-9bfd-444f71aaad33","title":[["Computers"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/76303f8f-df37-4ffa-a2dd-5cb3e1ca98a3/computer/public","uri":"/master-tag-database/computers"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"817fc5d4-0731-4af7-aaf6-3653f877ac1e","title":[["Timeline - important points in computer history — stackup"]],"uri":"/news/timeline-important-points-in-computer-history-stackup"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 24, 2022 10:43 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-basic":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-basic","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Walt Disney, the first service designer?"]],"updatedAt":1666909080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560134128,"lastEditedTime":1666909080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/basic","blockId":"f3424ba8-a636-4a38-9c68-9a674f48d1ad","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1964",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Engineers aren’t the only ones who had a part to play in the history of UX. He might not seem like the most obvious candidate, but Walt Disney is often hailed as one of the first UX designers in history.\nIndeed, Disney was obsessed with creating magical, immersive, near-perfect user experiences, and the way he set about building Disney World was a true stroke of UX genius. In his "],["article for UX Magazine",[["a","http://uxmag.com/articles/walt-disney-the-worlds-first-ux-designer"]]],[", Joseph Dickerson outlines Walt Disney’s guiding principles for his team of engineers*—*or Imagineers, as he called them: know your audience, wear your guest’s shoes, communicate with color, shape, form and texture…\nDisney envisioned a place where “the latest technology can be used to improve the lives of people”"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"009acad5-73f1-4cd2-bfa0-2b49edd383e0","title":[["Customer experience"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/customer-experience"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:22 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-8-bit-byte-standard":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-8-bit-byte-standard","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["8-bit byte standard"]],"updatedAt":1667935200000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666472758856,"lastEditedTime":1667935200000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/8-bit-byte-standard","blockId":"58bd56ed-bac2-4a40-a23f-4c061119c793","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1964"]],"HAKT":[["$79"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"baran_paper.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/dfac721f-21c4-4b70-8f4b-029cb72cf4f6/baran_paper.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"1964-ibm360.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/b1b68dec-686b-4d58-8331-27ac961e3d00/1964-ibm360.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:05 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pdp-8":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pdp-8","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["PDP-8"]],"updatedAt":1666637340000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475280000,"lastEditedTime":1666637340000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/pdp-8","blockId":"744dfe69-290b-45a6-8e28-3e7768c21e8e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1965"]],"HAKT":[["$7a"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"pdp-8.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/94d005d3-b0db-41a2-a73d-afdd8baa5bbb/pdp-8.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"joss.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/8abfa32b-fbc1-4c15-ac4c-47930bcce6bc/joss.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:48 PM"}},"e0bb20f06b114858aea18554b3f4cf4f":{"id":"e0bb20f06b114858aea18554b3f4cf4f","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Henry Dreyfuss and the art of designing for people"]],"updatedAt":1666909020000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666909027019,"lastEditedTime":1666909020000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/e0bb20f06b114858aea18554b3f4cf4f","blockId":"e0bb20f0-6b11-4858-aea1-8554b3f4cf4f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1966",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Another key figure in the history of UX design is Henry Dreyfuss, an American industrial engineer who was renowned for designing and improving the usability of some of the most iconic consumer products*—*including the Hoover vacuum cleaner, the tabletop telephone and the Royal Typewriter Company’s Quiet DeLuxe model.\nDreyfuss’ design philosophy was based on common sense and scientific approaches. In 1955, he wrote Designing for People, which pretty much explains UX design in a nutshell: “When the point of contact between the product and the people becomes a point of friction, then the [designer] has failed. On the other hand, if people are made safer, more comfortable, more eager to purchase, more efficient—or just plain happier—by contact with the product, then the designer has succeeded.”"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"3270d636-7a9f-496d-a90a-9d8fece6254b","title":[["Ergonomics"]],"uri":"/master-tag-database/ergonomics"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"174f59cc-0c86-447c-873b-51ee64fef47b","title":[["User experience"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/e36d468a-4306-4a21-9f84-f77a054313dd/ux-design/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/user-experience"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:17 PM"}},"a75d12236e8e4283adc9aa4045a4a8e2":{"id":"a75d12236e8e4283adc9aa4045a4a8e2","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475520000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475280000,"lastEditedTime":1666475520000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/a75d12236e8e4283adc9aa4045a4a8e2","blockId":"a75d1223-6e8e-4283-adc9-aa4045a4a8e2","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1966"]],"HAKT":[["Taylor succeeds Sutherland to become the third director of IPTO. In his own office, he has three different terminals, which he can connect by telephone to three different computer systems research sites around the nation. Why can’t they all talk together? His problem is a metaphor for that facing the ARPA computer research community. Taylor meets with Charles Herzfeld, the head of ARPA, to outline his issues. Twenty-minutes later he has a million dollars to spend on networking. The idea is to link all the IPTO contractors. After several months of discussion, Taylor persuades Larry Roberts to leave MIT to start the ARPA network program.\nSimultaneously, the English inventor of packet switching, Donald Davies, is theorizing at the British National Physical Laboratory (NPL) about building a network of computers to test his packet switching concepts.\nHoneywell introduces the DDP-516 minicomputer and demonstrates its ruggedness with a sledgehammer. This catches Roberts' eye."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"larry_roberts.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/25772eec-d571-4639-87b7-d932e82acad3/larry_roberts.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"davies.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/1bf8a8c5-ce0e-49d9-ad2d-43ec593e0967/davies.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:48 PM"}},"01fa4e6a39a342e6a73d746906edd5da":{"id":"01fa4e6a39a342e6a73d746906edd5da","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/01fa4e6a39a342e6a73d746906edd5da","blockId":"01fa4e6a-39a3-42e6-a73d-746906edd5da","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1967"]],"HAKT":[["Larry Roberts convenes a conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to bring the ARPA researchers together. At the conclusion, Wesley Clark suggests that the network be managed by interconnected ‘Interface Message Processors’ in front of the major computers. Called IMPs, they evolve into today’s routers.\n\nRoberts puts together his plan for the ARPANET. The separate strands of investigation begin to converge. Donald Davies, Paul Baran, and Larry Roberts become aware of each other’s work at an ACM conference where they all meet. From Davies, the word ‘packet’ is adopted and the proposed line speed in ARPANET is increased from 2.4 Kbps to 50 Kbps.\n\nThe acoustically coupled modem, invented in the early sixties, is vastly improved by John van Geen of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI). He introduces a receiver that can reliably detect bits of data amid the hiss heard over long-distance telephone connections."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"baran.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/82992ecb-aaa2-43c4-ac12-5c782057952b/baran.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"da057a75e116498c9ce3a184320e20cc":{"id":"da057a75e116498c9ce3a184320e20cc","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/da057a75e116498c9ce3a184320e20cc","blockId":"da057a75-e116-498c-9ce3-a184320e20cc","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1968"]],"HAKT":[["Roberts and the ARPA team refine the overall structure and specifications for the ARPANET. They issue an RFQ for the development of the IMPs.\nAt Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), Frank Heart leads a team to bid on the project. Bob Kahn plays a major role in shaping the overall BBN designs. BBN wins the project in December.\nRoberts works with Howard Frank and his team at Network Analysis Corporation designing the network topology and economics. Kleinrock’s team prepares the network measurement system at UCLA, which is to become the site of the first node.\nThe ILLIAC IV, the largest supercomputer of its time, is being built at Burroughs under a NASA contract. More than 1,000 transistors are squeezed onto its RAM chip, manufactured by the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, yielding 10 times the speed at one-hundredth the size of equivalent core memory. ILLIAC-IV will be hooked to the ARPANET so that remote scientists can have access to its unique capabilities."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"illiac-iv.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/53200b5c-9afc-4f91-baf0-010652ec5cee/illiac-iv.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-arpanet":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-arpanet","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["ARPANET"]],"updatedAt":1718297487995,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560179821,"lastEditedTime":1718297487995,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/arpanet","blockId":"a7e42807-52da-460b-b02b-2f245543101b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1969",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["ARPANET:",[["b",null]]],[" The U.S. Department of Defence sets up the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) with the intention of creating a computer network that can withstand any type of disaster. It becomes the first building block for what the internet is has become today"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:22 PM"}},"9cb56a5a36294e03a682e85fac4d338e":{"id":"9cb56a5a36294e03a682e85fac4d338e","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/9cb56a5a36294e03a682e85fac4d338e","blockId":"9cb56a5a-3629-4e03-a682-e85fac4d338e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1969"]],"HAKT":[["$7b"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1969_2-node_map.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/fe0c9974-72dc-46f8-9fcb-0977e4ea8685/1969_2-node_map.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"1969_4-node_map.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/59e436b9-3099-4bad-a71c-65392aa99337/1969_4-node_map.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"imp_log.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/34eb0482-975c-4de8-8def-ebd2935ae297/imp_log.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1960s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-introduction-of-dynamic-ram":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-introduction-of-dynamic-ram","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Introduction of dynamic RAM"]],"updatedAt":1718297510819,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560218482,"lastEditedTime":1718297510819,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/introduction-of-dynamic-ram","blockId":"3dfb56d7-955b-4884-8a12-12680b9b2968","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1970",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["RAM:",[["b",null]]],[" Intel introduces the world's first available dynamic RAM ( random-access memory) chip and the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:23 PM"}},"5a92bda4ef604b45acb73ad1c6e094f9":{"id":"5a92bda4ef604b45acb73ad1c6e094f9","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475940000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475940000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/5a92bda4ef604b45acb73ad1c6e094f9","blockId":"5a92bda4-ef60-4b45-acb7-3ad1c6e094f9","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1970"]],"HAKT":[["Nodes are added to the ARPANET at the rate of one per month.\nProgrammers Dennis Ritchie and Kenneth Thompson at Bell Labs complete the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer. UNIX combines many of the time-sharing and file-management features offered by Multics and wins a wide following, particularly among scientists.\nBob Metcalfe builds a high-speed (100 Kbps) network interface between the MIT IMP and a PDP-6 to the ARPANET. It runs for 13 years without human intervention. Metcalfe goes on to build another ARPANET interface for Xerox PARC’s PDP-10 clone (MAXC).\nDEC announces the Unibus for its PDP-11 minicomputers to allow the addition and integration of myriad computer-cards for instrumentation and communications.\nIn December, the Network Working Group (NWG) led by Steve Crocker finishes the initial ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol, called the Network Control Protocol (NCP)."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"pdp-10.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/2c484a50-831f-4799-8670-f1872ba9cc40/pdp-10.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"pdp-11.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/4249f450-a284-4fa2-b269-d5405981d85a/pdp-11.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-xerox-apple-and-the-pc-era":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-xerox-apple-and-the-pc-era","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Xerox, Apple and the PC era"]],"updatedAt":1666909200000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666909187115,"lastEditedTime":1666909200000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/xerox-apple-and-the-pc-era","blockId":"ff181b70-a990-4fd2-8ca1-739a573f4109","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1970’s",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The 1970s kicked off the era of personal computers, with psychologists and engineers working together to focus on the user experience. Many of the most influential developments came out of Xerox’s PARC research center, such as the graphical user interface and the mouse. In many ways, PARC set the tone for personal computing as we know it today.\nAnd now over to Apple. In 1984, the original Macintosh was released*—*Apple’s first mass-market PC featuring a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. Since then, Apple has been a true innovator of user experience, from the first iPod in 2001 to the iPhone in 2007. The tech giant even had a hand in coining the term UX design…"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"1e67fd6b-3052-495e-91cb-4d3f61ffc353","title":[["What is The History of UX Design? A Brief Timeline"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/what-is-the-history-of-ux-design-a-brief-timeline"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 27, 2022 10:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pocket-calculator-and-floppy-disk":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-pocket-calculator-and-floppy-disk","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Pocket calculator and floppy disk"]],"updatedAt":1718297541376,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560321321,"lastEditedTime":1718297541376,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/pocket-calculator-and-floppy-disk","blockId":"a1e40e48-03af-4d5b-af43-f7a51ed970b1","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1971",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Pocket calculator:",[["b",null]]],[" is invented by Sharp Corporation\n"],["Floppy Disk:",[["b",null]]],[" is created by David Noble with IBM - Nicknamed the \"Floppy\" for its flexibility."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:25 PM"}},"1d269b06431c47d38682ce2c099137e7":{"id":"1d269b06431c47d38682ce2c099137e7","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475940000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475940000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/1d269b06431c47d38682ce2c099137e7","blockId":"1d269b06-431c-47d3-8682-ce2c099137e7","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1971"]],"HAKT":[["$7c"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"fcfbb631-5574-4316-a39b-c24c8662fd5d","title":[["MIT"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/mit"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1971_net_map.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/d47a3bf7-644e-4927-9afc-18b79673ea3c/1971_net_map.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"tip.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/c9b466bd-3a35-42bc-950b-75198d048e56/tip.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"intel_4004.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/cfbb9490-cf69-4375-a6f7-733a68755ba1/intel_4004.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"1e361074c0e54eba839a5b3cb65b6163":{"id":"1e361074c0e54eba839a5b3cb65b6163","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666475940000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475340000,"lastEditedTime":1666475940000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/1e361074c0e54eba839a5b3cb65b6163","blockId":"1e361074-c0e5-4eba-839a-5b3cb65b6163","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1972"]],"HAKT":[["$7d"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"blue_box.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/af0883b7-4130-4a1e-811f-9558b199c164/blue_box.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"1973-2.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/e6fbcdca-757d-4976-b1ea-c2ae76f6d191/1973-2.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:49 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-network-email":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-network-email","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Network email "]],"updatedAt":1667935080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1667935080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/network-email","blockId":"9d9f8151-26d0-4af7-a718-dad8e401c644","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1972"]],"HAKT":[["BBN’s Ray Tomlinson introduces network email. The Internet Working Group (INWG) forms to address need for establishing standard protocols."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-seymore-crey-the-father-of-supercomputers":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-seymore-crey-the-father-of-supercomputers","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Seymore Crey the father of supercomputers"]],"updatedAt":1667935080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1667935086579,"lastEditedTime":1667935080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/seymore-crey-the-father-of-supercomputers","blockId":"d9926281-9a04-4d37-88b2-92c5ce068712","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1972"]],"HAKT":[["In 1972 Seymor Cray, known as the “father of supercomputers”, left the CDC and founded his own company Cray Research, which still exists in 2020 as CRAY Inc."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 8, 2022 7:18 PM"}},"26ba70a79b7c47fdaa338505714c8335":{"id":"26ba70a79b7c47fdaa338505714c8335","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560360000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560375781,"lastEditedTime":1666560360000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/26ba70a79b7c47fdaa338505714c8335","blockId":"26ba70a7-9b7c-47fd-aa33-8505714c8335","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1973",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["** Personal computer:** The minicomputer Xerox Alto (1973) was a landmark step in the development of personal computers\n"],["Gateways:",[["b",null]]],[" Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn develop gateway routing computers to negotiate between the various national networks"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:26 PM"}},"945ccfb0cbca48b98b6538acd1ff8923":{"id":"945ccfb0cbca48b98b6538acd1ff8923","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476120000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476120000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/945ccfb0cbca48b98b6538acd1ff8923","blockId":"945ccfb0-cbca-48b9-8b65-38acd1ff8923","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1973"]],"HAKT":[["$7e"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1973_net_map.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/106276c3-26ac-41d9-9a83-4554367c3bba/1973_net_map.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"kahn.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/a966735c-2d80-4208-bd69-9d9785b9bd16/kahn.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"cerf.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/5bee0be6-3c29-46c0-b931-82e43a1ba772/cerf.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"4f32252337704ca98322eb7317d4a1f0":{"id":"4f32252337704ca98322eb7317d4a1f0","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666478700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478400000,"lastEditedTime":1666478700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/4f32252337704ca98322eb7317d4a1f0","blockId":"4f322523-3770-4ca9-8322-eb7317d4a1f0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1973"]],"HAKT":[["Global networking becomes a reality as the University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) connect to ARPANET. The term internet is born."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:40 PM"}},"14e498abb38f45119fc567b574103bb9":{"id":"14e498abb38f45119fc567b574103bb9","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560360000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560406139,"lastEditedTime":1666560360000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/14e498abb38f45119fc567b574103bb9","blockId":"14e498ab-b38f-4511-9fc5-67b574103bb9","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1974",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["WYSIWYG:",[["b",null]]],[" Charles Simonyi coins the term WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) to describe the ability of being able to display a file or document exactly how it is going to be printed or viewed"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:26 PM"}},"396a67cfc1e04291b77a4cd3d1cfd56d":{"id":"396a67cfc1e04291b77a4cd3d1cfd56d","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476180000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476180000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/396a67cfc1e04291b77a4cd3d1cfd56d","blockId":"396a67cf-c1e0-4291-b77a-4cd3d1cfd56d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1974"]],"HAKT":[["$7f"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"alto.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/a56e28b5-8da4-4977-8504-c1c3d3455130/alto.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"licklider.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/6c2deb62-1ef4-43f1-9585-cca10342d60f/licklider.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"76fbd61a2ec947e3ba0920cc567b8e15":{"id":"76fbd61a2ec947e3ba0920cc567b8e15","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478400000,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/76fbd61a2ec947e3ba0920cc567b8e15","blockId":"76fbd61a-2ec9-47e3-ba09-20cc567b8e15","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1974"]],"HAKT":[["The first Internet Service Provider (ISP) is born with the introduction of a commercial version of ARPANET, known as Telenet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:40 PM"}},"90346d6d0f15436e8f82de0f340eda96":{"id":"90346d6d0f15436e8f82de0f340eda96","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666478700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478747082,"lastEditedTime":1666478700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/90346d6d0f15436e8f82de0f340eda96","blockId":"90346d6d-0f15-436e-8f82-de0f340eda96","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1974"]],"HAKT":[["Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn (the duo said by many to be the Fathers of the Internet) publish \"A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection,\" which details the design of "],["TCP",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/tcp-ip"]]],["."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:45 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-portable-computers":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-portable-computers","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Portable computers"]],"updatedAt":1718297573010,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560474022,"lastEditedTime":1718297573010,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/portable-computers","blockId":"eef348a5-95cb-4b91-9031-4f93b741532e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1975",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Portable computers:",[["b",null]]],[" The Altair 8800 is developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS)"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:27 PM"}},"86691f5039104c2090d0574560b239de":{"id":"86691f5039104c2090d0574560b239de","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/86691f5039104c2090d0574560b239de","blockId":"86691f50-3910-4c20-90d0-574560b239de","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1975"]],"HAKT":[["The ARPANET geographical map now shows 61 nodes. Licklider arranges its administration to be turned over to the Defense Communications Agency (DCA). BBN remains the contractor responsible for network operations. BBN agrees to release the source code for IMPs and TIPs.\nThe Network Working Group maintains its open system of discussion via RFCs and e-mail lists. Discomfort grows with the bureaucratic style of DCA.\nThe Department of Energy creates its own net to support its own research. This net operates over dedicated lines connecting each site to the computer centers at the National Laboratories.\nNASA begins planning its own space physics network, SPAN. These networks have connections to the ARPANET so the newly developed TCP protocol begins to get a workout. Internally, however, the new networks use such a variety of protocols that true interoperability is still an issue."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1975_net_map.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/e1427db3-d126-4986-b1d2-ef596c969b6c/1975_net_map.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-microsoft-is-founded":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-microsoft-is-founded","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Microsoft is founded"]],"updatedAt":1718297586370,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560495400,"lastEditedTime":1718297586370,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/microsoft-is-founded","blockId":"d485affe-52b9-4cb2-98fe-88cddb4bbd21","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1975/01/23",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Microsoft Corporation:",[["b",null]]],[" is founded April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:28 PM"}},"1ab573a220b24dd5a99f04e900f27da4":{"id":"1ab573a220b24dd5a99f04e900f27da4","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/1ab573a220b24dd5a99f04e900f27da4","blockId":"1ab573a2-20b2-4dd5-a99f-04e900f27da4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1976"]],"HAKT":[["DARPA supports computer scientists at UC Berkeley who are revising a Unix system to incorporate TCP/IP protocols. Berkeley Unix also incorporates a second set of Bell Labs protocols, called UUCP, for systems to use dial-up connections.\nSeymour Cray demonstrates the first vector-processor supercomputer, the CRAY-1. The first customers include Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and NCAR. The CRAY-1 hardware is more compact and faster than previous supercomputers. No wire is more than 4 feet long, and the clock period is 12.5 nanoseconds (billionths of a second). The machine is cooled by freon circulated through stainless steel tubing bonded within vertical wedges of aluminum between the stacks of circuit boards (Cray patents the bonding process). The CRAY-1’s speed and power attract researchers, who want access to it over networks.\nVint Cerf moves from Stanford to DARPA to work with Bob Kahn on networking and the TCP/IP protocols."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"cray-1.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/d83f9ce1-c245-4cad-8c23-9b3540df800e/cray-1.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-queen-el-ii-sends-her-first-email":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-queen-el-ii-sends-her-first-email","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Queen El II sends her first email"]],"updatedAt":1669238520000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560573576,"lastEditedTime":1669238520000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/queen-el-ii-sends-her-first-email","blockId":"2df2843c-8f18-4bbd-95f6-188bb932d3c0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1976"]],"HAKT":[["Queen Elizabeth II hits the “send button” on her first email."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:29 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-apple-computers-is-created":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-apple-computers-is-created","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Apple Computers is created"]],"updatedAt":1669238460000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478400000,"lastEditedTime":1669238460000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/apple-computers-is-created","blockId":"57926c9e-b1cb-40cb-b8fe-739ae97bd1cf","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1976/04/01"]],"HAKT":[["Apple:",[["b",null]]],[" Apple Computers is founded by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs on 1 Apr 1976 (April Fools Day)"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:40 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-apple-ii":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-apple-ii","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Apple II"]],"updatedAt":1667936760000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1667936760000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/apple-ii","blockId":"fe0a0d6d-be0e-4b71-a03d-c3af77fdfcc3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1977"]],"HAKT":[["Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs announce the Apple II computer. \n\nApple Computer’s "],["Apple II,",[["b",null]]],[" the first personal computer with colour graphics, is demonstrated"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/7cb35f98-b699-41ea-a3a8-42026c67e671/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tandy-trs-80-and-commodre-pet":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tandy-trs-80-and-commodre-pet","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Tandy TRS-80 and Commodre Pet"]],"updatedAt":1667936880000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1667936781588,"lastEditedTime":1667936880000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/tandy-trs-80-and-commodre-pet","blockId":"d4490e3e-d154-4cf6-8858-83092bc231ce","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1977"]],"HAKT":[[" Tandy TRS-80 and the Commodore Pet. These off-the-shelf machines create the consumer and small business markets for computers. (with Apple II)"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/202c44e5-ea3f-47ef-9b21-30efc82d7827/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 8, 2022 7:46 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-satnet-arpanet-theorynet":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-satnet-arpanet-theorynet","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["SATNET, ARPANET, THEORYNET"]],"updatedAt":1667936880000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1667936862693,"lastEditedTime":1667936880000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/satnet-arpanet-theorynet","blockId":"0beb45b8-332f-4eff-8f41-7682b606c35d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1977"]],"HAKT":[["Cerf and Kahn mount a major demonstration, ‘internetting’ among the Packet Radio net, SATNET, and the ARPANET. Messages go from a van in the Bay Area across the US on ARPANET, then to University College London and back via satellite to Virginia, and back through the ARPANET to the University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute. This shows its applicability to international deployment.\nLarry Landweber of the University of Wisconsin creates THEORYNET providing email between over 100 researchers and linking elements of the University of Wisconsin in different cities via a commercial packet service like Telenet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/96625363-6530-4183-8760-be49f07f7c1f/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 8, 2022 7:47 PM"}},"f3f464d9450143e5aa355eff87217c6b":{"id":"f3f464d9450143e5aa355eff87217c6b","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1667936880000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1667936880000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/f3f464d9450143e5aa355eff87217c6b","blockId":"f3f464d9-4501-43e5-aa35-5eff87217c6b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1978"]],"HAKT":[["The appearance of the first very small computers and their potential for communication via modem to dial up services starts a boom in a new set of niche industries, like software and modems.\nVint Cerf at DARPA continues the vision of the Internet, forming an International Cooperation Board chaired by Peter Kirstein of University College London, and an Internet Configuration Control Board, chaired by Dave Clark of MIT.\nThe ARPANET experiment formally is complete. This leaves an array of boards and task forces over the next few years trying to sustain the vision of a free and open Internet that can keep up with the growth of computing."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"david_clark.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/1e0add1c-b1ba-4f40-83d1-c8851d023ba2/david_clark.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"1978-2.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/6c62a12b-0726-4b87-9260-a0e3c07797b3/1978-2.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-500-000-computers-in-use-in-the-usa":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-500-000-computers-in-use-in-the-usa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["500 000 computers in use in the USA"]],"updatedAt":1667936700000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560783705,"lastEditedTime":1667936700000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/500-000-computers-in-use-in-the-usa","blockId":"4c88cd63-66f5-49a8-8dbe-cf74790a14dd","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1979",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Over half a million computers are in use in the United States"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/252369f6-5ab3-4ba2-8602-af1873dedb40/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:33 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-usenet-internet-newsgroup-forums":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-usenet-internet-newsgroup-forums","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["USENET (internet newsgroup forums)"]],"updatedAt":1667935260000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478400000,"lastEditedTime":1667935260000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/usenet-internet-newsgroup-forums","blockId":"b91b8114-a630-4bab-afc5-54716592e004","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1979"]],"HAKT":[["USENET forms to host news and discussion groups."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:40 PM"}},"6ca309211ff241ceb04fc7d075a3a5df":{"id":"6ca309211ff241ceb04fc7d075a3a5df","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560780000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560813458,"lastEditedTime":1666560780000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/6ca309211ff241ceb04fc7d075a3a5df","blockId":"6ca30921-1ff2-41ce-b04f-c7d075a3a5df","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1980",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Paul Allen and Bill Gates:",[["b",null]]],[" IBM hires Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system for a new PC. They buy the rights to a simple operating system manufactured by Seattle Computer Products and use it as a template to develop DOS"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/c7dddbd0-0fd7-4d64-aa0b-9691e7a0f280/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:33 PM"}},"7e167d970cef4d0c80f0b7c7226af560":{"id":"7e167d970cef4d0c80f0b7c7226af560","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560780000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666560780000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/7e167d970cef4d0c80f0b7c7226af560","blockId":"7e167d97-0cef-4d0c-80f0-b7c7226af560","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1980"]],"HAKT":[["Larry Landweber at Wisconsin holds a meeting with six other universities to discuss the possibility of building a Computer Science Research Network to be called CSNET. Bob Kahn attends as an advisor from DARPA, and Kent Curtis attends from NSF’s computer research programs. The idea evolves over the summer between Landweber, Peter Denning (Purdue), Dave Farber (Delaware), and Tony Hearn (Utah).\nIn November, the group submits a proposal to NSF to fund a consortium of eleven universities at an estimated cost of $3 million over five years. This is viewed as too costly by the NSF.\nUSENET starts a series of shell scripts written by Steve Bellovin at UNC to help communicate with Duke. Newsgroups start with a name that gives an idea of its content. USENET is an early example of a client server where users dial in to a server with requests to forward certain newsgroup postings. The server then ‘serves’ the request."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"computer_mag.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/1f3b07d0-1717-4127-b502-a9711617b268/computer_mag.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"91feeac343e84308a2041d940a8ef3fb":{"id":"91feeac343e84308a2041d940a8ef3fb","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476720000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476720000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/91feeac343e84308a2041d940a8ef3fb","blockId":"91feeac3-43e8-4308-a204-1d940a8ef3fb","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1980"]],"HAKT":[["$80"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"posterhistoryofinternet1962-1992.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/d4685aaf-00b7-4a7a-af67-f95a78f74531/posterhistoryofinternet1962-1992.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"b7af896d9a5b445cae6e879d9196653f":{"id":"b7af896d9a5b445cae6e879d9196653f","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560960000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560957193,"lastEditedTime":1666560960000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/b7af896d9a5b445cae6e879d9196653f","blockId":"b7af896d-9a5b-445c-ae6e-879d9196653f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1981"]],"HAKT":[["\n"],["Microsoft:",[["b",null]]],[" MS-DOS Computer Operating System increases its success"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/ae4d6f17-ac66-4a54-83a1-2554dde7f84d/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:35 PM"}},"7a06b5caa373472d82553a8c1fb72608":{"id":"7a06b5caa373472d82553a8c1fb72608","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478400000,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/7a06b5caa373472d82553a8c1fb72608","blockId":"7a06b5ca-a373-472d-8255-3a8c1fb72608","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1981"]],"HAKT":[["The National Science Foundation (NSF) provided a grant to establish the Computer Science Network (CSNET) to provide networking services to university computer scientists."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:40 PM"}},"00ed71c685734f4ab882af4907bde168":{"id":"00ed71c685734f4ab882af4907bde168","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560960000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666560977404,"lastEditedTime":1666560960000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/00ed71c685734f4ab882af4907bde168","blockId":"00ed71c6-8573-4f4a-b882-af4907bde168","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1982",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Commodore 64:",[["b",null]]],[" becomes the best-selling computer of all time. "],["SMTP:",[["b",null]]],[" SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is introduced for the first time"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/88eab14e-abf9-4d8f-8089-37433d23cfc4/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:36 PM"}},"77cf28fb048546e281fce5cd6f400348":{"id":"77cf28fb048546e281fce5cd6f400348","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666560960000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666560960000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/77cf28fb048546e281fce5cd6f400348","blockId":"77cf28fb-0485-46e2-81fc-e5cd6f400348","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1982"]],"HAKT":[["By the beginning of the year, more than 200 computers in dozens of institutions have been connected in CSNET. BITNET, another startup network, is based on protocols that include file transfer via e-mail rather than by the FTP procedure of the ARPA protocols.\nThe Internet Working Group of DARPA publishes a plan for the transition of the entire network from the Network Control Protocol to the TCP/IP protocols developed since 1974 and already in wide use (RFC 801).\nAt Berkeley, Bill Joy incorporates the new TCP/IP suite into the next release of the Unix operating system. The first ‘portable’ computer is launched in the form of the Osborne, a 24-pound suitcase-sized device.\nThe IBM PC is launched in August 1981.\nMeanwhile, Japan mounts a successful challenge to US chip makers by producing 64-kbit chips so inexpensively that U.S. competitors charge the chips are being ‘dumped’ on the U.S. market."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"osborne.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/0d40670f-55ba-4320-9e29-7f9a8f88e1b6/osborne.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"ibmpc.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/fad1deb6-435c-460f-a166-852cd76bd8a4/ibmpc.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"63e4d6fffa724313bf94b8a8ea742cc8":{"id":"63e4d6fffa724313bf94b8a8ea742cc8","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476780000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476780000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/63e4d6fffa724313bf94b8a8ea742cc8","blockId":"63e4d6ff-fa72-4313-bf94-b8a8ea742cc8","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1982"]],"HAKT":[["$81"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"Unknown-6.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/079df5a5-2615-4bd2-9861-298578868427/Unknown-6.jpg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"629cfb31151b4edea02818724ab1c450":{"id":"629cfb31151b4edea02818724ab1c450","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478460000,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/629cfb31151b4edea02818724ab1c450","blockId":"629cfb31-151b-4ede-a028-18724ab1c450","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1982"]],"HAKT":[["Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, emerge as the protocol for ARPANET. This results in the fledgling definition of the internet as connected TCP/IP internets. TCP/IP remains the standard protocol for the internet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"42af81374fa64a66bf6be1873de9bb7e":{"id":"42af81374fa64a66bf6be1873de9bb7e","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561048349,"lastEditedTime":1666561080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/42af81374fa64a66bf6be1873de9bb7e","blockId":"42af8137-4fa6-4a66-bf6b-e1873de9bb7e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1983"]],"HAKT":[["More than 10 million computers are in use in the United States\n** Domain Name System (DNS):** is pioneered by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris and Craig Partridge. Seven 'top-level' domain names are initially introduced: edu, com, gov, mil, net, org and int.\n"],["Microsoft Windows:",[["b",null]]],[" is introduced eliminating the need for a user to have to type each command, like MS-DOS, by using a mouse to navigate through drop-down menus, tabs and icons"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/8b1d6bc8-fc01-49d5-88eb-c6c7690533d1/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:37 PM"}},"35b3446b5f9244fe8770d14a3b6fd66f":{"id":"35b3446b5f9244fe8770d14a3b6fd66f","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478460000,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/35b3446b5f9244fe8770d14a3b6fd66f","blockId":"35b3446b-5f92-44fe-8770-d14a3b6fd66f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1983"]],"HAKT":[["The Domain Name System (DNS) establishes the familiar .edu, .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net, and .int system for naming websites. This is easier to remember than the previous designation for websites, such as 123.456.789.10."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"0c472a05fb2347499f56a7f40411cb0f":{"id":"0c472a05fb2347499f56a7f40411cb0f","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561095899,"lastEditedTime":1666561080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/0c472a05fb2347499f56a7f40411cb0f","blockId":"0c472a05-fb23-4749-9f56-a7f40411cb0f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1984",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Dell Computer",[["b",null]]],[" is founded in Austin Texas on 3 May, 1984"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/f53efc1a-5566-49f5-9aef-52c021c3c502/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:38 PM"}},"f5d1298f93aa4aefa54cca69a0895cd5":{"id":"f5d1298f93aa4aefa54cca69a0895cd5","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666561080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/f5d1298f93aa4aefa54cca69a0895cd5","blockId":"f5d1298f-93aa-4aef-a54c-ca69a0895cd5","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1984"]],"HAKT":[["$82"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1983_topo.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/af872c1c-4a89-4671-8ca6-cb3a32f088a1/1983_topo.gif.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"apollo.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/b4e9e123-37a3-464f-9f4f-7db651a671f9/apollo.jpg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"7b6f7720c5cc42bd84ceb96da5b963a3":{"id":"7b6f7720c5cc42bd84ceb96da5b963a3","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476900000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476900000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/7b6f7720c5cc42bd84ceb96da5b963a3","blockId":"7b6f7720-c5cc-42bd-84ce-b96da5b963a3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1984"]],"HAKT":[["$83"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"5e8e5368354a44f0aab01b6685ed6816":{"id":"5e8e5368354a44f0aab01b6685ed6816","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557420000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478460000,"lastEditedTime":1666557420000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/5e8e5368354a44f0aab01b6685ed6816","blockId":"5e8e5368-354a-44f0-aab0-1b6685ed6816","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1984"]],"HAKT":[["William Gibson, author of \"Neuromancer,\" is the first to use the term \"cyberspace.”"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"070e9d964b0c4d028263fefee67e2701":{"id":"070e9d964b0c4d028263fefee67e2701","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561140000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561165196,"lastEditedTime":1666561140000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/070e9d964b0c4d028263fefee67e2701","blockId":"070e9d96-4b0c-4d02-8263-fefee67e2701","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1985",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Paul Brainard",[["b",null]]],[" introduces Pagemaker for the Macintosh creating the desktop publishing field "],["Nintendo:",[["b",null]]],[" The Nintendo Entertainment System makes its debut.\n"],["Microsoft Windows 1.0",[["b",null]]],[" is introduced on 19 Nov, 1985 and is initially sold for $100.00"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/99de9e5f-dff3-406a-bc2c-0427342013d4/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:39 PM"}},"d59bbe2281474bf797b888902c275a54":{"id":"d59bbe2281474bf797b888902c275a54","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476960000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476960000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/d59bbe2281474bf797b888902c275a54","blockId":"d59bbe22-8147-4bf7-97b8-88902c275a54","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1985"]],"HAKT":[["$84"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"c_and_c.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/ef681881-a4e5-4fac-9a7d-f049ac7a86c7/c_and_c.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"4bb87d08131441a1997ace3ffab46390":{"id":"4bb87d08131441a1997ace3ffab46390","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478460000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/4bb87d08131441a1997ace3ffab46390","blockId":"4bb87d08-1314-41a1-997a-ce3ffab46390","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1985"]],"HAKT":[["Symbolics.com",[["a","http://symbolics.com/"]]],[", the website for Symbolics Computer Corp. in Massachusetts, becomes the first registered domain."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"8fab66884c3c4664a0b06b473b7126ae":{"id":"8fab66884c3c4664a0b06b473b7126ae","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561200000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561232120,"lastEditedTime":1666561200000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/8fab66884c3c4664a0b06b473b7126ae","blockId":"8fab6688-4c3c-4664-a0b0-6b473b7126ae","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1986",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["More than 30 million computers are in use in the United States."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"multinetwork_diagram.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/95508537-4e2e-405b-a7db-84af947e0ad3/multinetwork_diagram.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1970s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:40 PM"}},"5511eaf0c4354ff99556227040573027":{"id":"5511eaf0c4354ff99556227040573027","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666476960000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666476960000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/5511eaf0c4354ff99556227040573027","blockId":"5511eaf0-c435-4ff9-9556-227040573027","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1986"]],"HAKT":[["$85"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/1ea35f3c-dcd9-448f-a32c-467f1b0a3583/nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"d795643d768349ada1cda5de262b4a79":{"id":"d795643d768349ada1cda5de262b4a79","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478460000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/d795643d768349ada1cda5de262b4a79","blockId":"d795643d-7683-49ad-a1cd-a5de262b4a79","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1986"]],"HAKT":[["he National Science Foundation’s NSFNET goes online to connected supercomputer centers at 56,000 bits per second — the speed of a typical dial-up computer modem. Over time the network speeds up and regional research and education networks, supported in part by NSF, are connected to the NSFNET backbone — effectively expanding the Internet throughout the United States. The NSFNET was essentially a network of networks that connected academic users along with the ARPANET."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:41 PM"}},"12838e24f4d74003a2e2a2b65c9104ca":{"id":"12838e24f4d74003a2e2a2b65c9104ca","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477020000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477020000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/12838e24f4d74003a2e2a2b65c9104ca","blockId":"12838e24-f4d7-4003-a2e2-a2b65c9104ca","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1987"]],"HAKT":[["The NSF, realizing the rate and commercial significance of the growth of the Internet, signs a cooperative agreement with Merit Networks which is assisted by IBM and MCI. Rick Adams co-founds UUNET to provide commercial access to UUCP and the USENET newsgroups, which are now available for the PC. BITNET and CSNET also merge to form CREN.\nThe NSF starts to implement its T1 backbone between the supercomputing centers with 24 RT-PCs in parallel implemented by IBM as ‘parallel routers’. The T1 idea is so successful that proposals for T3 speeds in the backbone begin.\nIn early 1987 the number of hosts passes 10,000 and by year-end there have been over 1,000 RFCs issued.\nNetwork management starts to become a major issue and it becomes clear that a protocol is needed between routers to allow remote management. SNMP is chosen as a simple, quick, near term solution."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"87_internet_map.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/9c73b0cd-5d84-4937-9846-674f3eb8b2dc/87_internet_map.gif.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"nsfnet_map.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/4703853e-a0a2-480e-8fa9-871a8a55c0b9/nsfnet_map.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"995c5cade8924a05931461eed475f31c":{"id":"995c5cade8924a05931461eed475f31c","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478820000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/995c5cade8924a05931461eed475f31c","blockId":"995c5cad-e892-4a05-9314-61eed475f31c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1987"]],"HAKT":[["The number of hosts on the internet exceeds 20,000. Cisco ships its first router."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:47 PM"}},"b4c14727f5394c8a9aa7bf890e7cd05d":{"id":"b4c14727f5394c8a9aa7bf890e7cd05d","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1669238580000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561263492,"lastEditedTime":1669238580000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/b4c14727f5394c8a9aa7bf890e7cd05d","blockId":"b4c14727-f539-4c8a-9aa7-bf890e7cd05d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1987"]],"HAKT":[["Microsoft introduces "],["Microsoft Works",[["b",null]]],[" "]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:41 PM"}},"df2504e9f3024cc9897283d9f95a9f61":{"id":"df2504e9f3024cc9897283d9f95a9f61","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1669238640000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1669238626901,"lastEditedTime":1669238640000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/df2504e9f3024cc9897283d9f95a9f61","blockId":"df2504e9-f302-4cc9-8972-83d9f95a9f61","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1987"]],"HAKT":[["Perl:",[["b",null]]],[" Larry Wall introduces Perl 1.0"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 23, 2022 9:23 PM"}},"e91dfadcb7cd442991e7fe30ed57cf6c":{"id":"e91dfadcb7cd442991e7fe30ed57cf6c","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561334014,"lastEditedTime":1666561320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/e91dfadcb7cd442991e7fe30ed57cf6c","blockId":"e91dfadc-b7cd-4429-91e7-fe30ed57cf6c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1988",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["Over 45 million PCs are in use in the United States."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:42 PM"}},"bf2a835804fe4e5fba02f410bfe94bb8":{"id":"bf2a835804fe4e5fba02f410bfe94bb8","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477080000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477080000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/bf2a835804fe4e5fba02f410bfe94bb8","blockId":"bf2a8358-04fe-4e5f-ba02-f410bfe94bb8","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1988"]],"HAKT":[["$86"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1988_nsfnet_map.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/cbb4b36c-f497-48e1-b875-47932d4e2b4e/1988_nsfnet_map.gif.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"1988_ncar_network.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/67dd3679-c621-427a-8ed4-9e42e2214a2e/1988_ncar_network.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-world-wide-web":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-world-wide-web","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["World Wide Web"]],"updatedAt":1666477260000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477260000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/world-wide-web","blockId":"e2ab6823-4dba-4fb3-92c0-966e9e1c084f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1989"]],"HAKT":[["$87"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"berners-lee.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/bd4544fd-e7f9-4de6-81ca-4af9953e4dc4/berners-lee.jpg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"berners-lee_diagram.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/751c0047-968d-4bad-8d67-139c87b506d4/berners-lee_diagram.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1980s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"785b4be874404a31b285dd627b36f01f":{"id":"785b4be874404a31b285dd627b36f01f","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478820000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/785b4be874404a31b285dd627b36f01f","blockId":"785b4be8-7440-4a31-b285-dd627b36f01f","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1989"]],"HAKT":[["World.std.com",[["a","http://world.std.com/"]]],[" becomes the first commercial provider of dial-up access to the internet."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:47 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-web-origins":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-web-origins","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Web Origins"]],"updatedAt":1666478160000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666478160000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/web-origins","blockId":"6256f7fc-7e6a-4f52-a5c7-2db98d146bfc","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1989-1990"]],"HAKT":[["based on \"a large hypertext database with typed links\". It described a system called \"Mesh\" that referenced "],["ENQUIRE",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENQUIRE"]]],[", the database and software project he had built in 1980, with a more elaborate information management system based on links embedded as text: \"Imagine, then, the references in this document all being associated with the "],["network address",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address"]]],[" of the thing to which they referred, so that while reading this document, you could skip to them with a click of the mouse.\" Such a system, he explained, could be referred to using one of the existing meanings of the word "],["hypertext",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext"]]],[", a term that he says was coined in the 1950s. Berners-Lee notes the possibility of multimedia documents that include graphics, speech and video, which he terms "],["hypermedia",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia"]]],["."],["[9]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-9"]]],["\nAlthough the proposal attracted little interest, Berners-Lee was encouraged by his manager, Mike Sendall, to begin implementing his system on a newly acquired "],["NeXT",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT"]]],[" workstation. He considered several names, including "],["Information Mesh",[["i",null]]],[", "],["The Information Mine",[["i",null]]],[" or "],["Mine of Information",[["i",null]]],[", but settled on "],["World Wide Web",[["i",null]]],[". Berners-Lee found an enthusiastic supporter in his colleague and fellow hypertext enthusiast "],["Robert Cailliau",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau"]]],[". Berners-Lee and Cailliau pitched Berners-Lee's ideas to the European Conference on Hypertext Technology in September 1990, but found no vendors who could appreciate his vision.\nBerners-Lee's breakthrough was to marry hypertext to the Internet. In his book "],["Weaving The Web",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_the_Web:_The_Original_Design_and_Ultimate_Destiny_of_the_World_Wide_Web_by_its_inventor"]]],[", he explains that he had repeatedly suggested to members of both technical communities that a marriage between the two technologies was possible. But, when no one took up his invitation, he finally assumed the project himself. In the process, he developed three essential technologies:\n• a system of globally unique identifiers for resources on the Web and elsewhere, the universal document identifier (UDI), later known as "],["uniform resource locator",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_locator"]]],[" (URL);\n• the publishing language "],["Hypertext Markup Language",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language"]]],[" (HTML);\n• the "],["Hypertext Transfer Protocol",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol"]]],[" (HTTP)."],["[10]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-10"]]],["\nWith help from Cailliau, he published a more formal proposal on 12 November 1990 to build a \"hypertext project\" called "],["World Wide Web",[["i",null]]],[" (abbreviated \"W3\") as a \"web\" of \"hypertext documents\" to be viewed by \"browsers\" using a "],["client–server architecture",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_architecture"]]],["."],["[11]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W90-11"]]],["[12]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-NYT21-12"]]],[" The proposal was modelled after the "],["Standard Generalized Markup Language",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language"]]],[" (SGML) reader "],["Dynatext",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynatext"]]],[" by Electronic Book Technology, a spin-off from the "],["Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Research_in_Information_and_Scholarship"]]],[" at "],["Brown University",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University"]]],[". The Dynatext system, licensed by CERN, was considered too expensive and had an inappropriate licensing policy for use in the general high energy physics community, namely a fee for each document and each document alteration.["],["citation needed",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]]],["]\nAt this point HTML and HTTP had already been in development for about two months and the first "],["web server",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server"]]],[" was about a month from completing its first successful test. Berners-Lee's proposal estimated that a read-only Web would be developed within three months and that it would take six months to achieve \"the creation of new links and new material by readers, [so that] authorship becomes universal\" as well as \"the automatic notification of a reader when new material of interest to him/her has become available\". \nBy December 1990, Berners-Lee and his work team had built all the tools necessary for a working Web: the "],["HyperText Transfer Protocol",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Transfer_Protocol"]]],[" (HTTP), the "],["HyperText Markup Language",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperText_Markup_Language"]]],[" (HTML), the first "],["web browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser"]]],[" (named "],["WorldWideWeb",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb"]]],[", which was also a "],["web editor",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_editor"]]],["), the first "],["web server",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server"]]],[" (later known as "],["CERN httpd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN_httpd"]]],[") and the first "],["web site",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_site"]]],["("],["http://info.cern.ch",[["a","http://info.cern.ch/"]]],[") containing the first "],["web pages",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page"]]],[" that described the project itself was published on 20 December 1990."],["[13]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-13"]]],["[14]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-14"]]],[" The browser could access "],["Usenet",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet"]]],[" newsgroups and "],["FTP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP"]]],[" files as well. A "],["NeXT Computer",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT_Computer"]]],[" was used by Berners-Lee as the web server and also to write the web browser."],["[15]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-15"]]],["\nWorking with Berners-Lee at CERN, "],["Nicola Pellow",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Pellow"]]],[" wrote a simple text browser that could run on almost any computer, the "],["Line Mode Browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_Mode_Browser"]]],[", which worked with a "],["command-line interface",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface"]]],["."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"0f211422c6d54859aa988f8426d8d426":{"id":"0f211422c6d54859aa988f8426d8d426","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477260000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477260000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/0f211422c6d54859aa988f8426d8d426","blockId":"0f211422-c6d5-4859-aa98-8f8426d8d426","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1990"]],"HAKT":[["ARPANET formally shuts down. In twenty years, ‘the net’ has grown from 4 to over 300,000 hosts. Countries connecting in 1990 include Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Greece, India, Ireland, South Korea, Spain, and Switzerland.\nSeveral search tools, such as ARCHIE, Gopher, and WAIS start to appear. Institutions like the National Library of Medicine, Dow Jones, and Dialog are now on line.\nMore ‘worms’ burrow on the net, with as many as 130 reports leading to 12 real ones! This is a further indication of the transition to a wider audience."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-is-developped":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-is-developped","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["HTML is developped"]],"updatedAt":1669239120000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478820000,"lastEditedTime":1669239120000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/html-is-developped","blockId":"bb76f515-7be5-4d42-822d-37ec4bab983d","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1990"]],"HAKT":[["Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML). This technology continues to have a large impact on how we navigate and view the internet today."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:47 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-adobe-photoshop-10":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-adobe-photoshop-10","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Adobe Photoshop 1.0"]],"updatedAt":1666481340000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666481309298,"lastEditedTime":1666481340000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/adobe-photoshop-10","blockId":"27b2dec2-4bb8-47dd-8939-0ad346e7c724","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1990/02/19"]],"HAKT":[["Adobe Systems released a raster graphics editor called "],["Photoshop 1.0",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". The program was only available for the "],["Macintosh platform",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (Mac System 6.0.3) and required at least 2 MB of RAM and an 8 MHz processor for its operation."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"adobe-photoshop-1-0.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/1c321b41-ac23-4112-884c-eea6e4acf031/adobe-photoshop-1-0.png"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 11:28 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-archie-the-first-search-engine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-archie-the-first-search-engine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Archie - the first search engine"]],"updatedAt":1666481460000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666481452633,"lastEditedTime":1666481460000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/archie-the-first-search-engine","blockId":"aae7277a-a705-4fcd-86ef-ab8284e26341","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1990/09/10"]],"HAKT":[["Three university students Alan Emtage, Peter Deutsch and Bill Heelen launched a search engine called "],["Archie",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". The search engine enabled its users to find and download specific files on the Internet by indexing files stored on public "],["FTP",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" servers. Its name comes from the word archive, dropping the letter v. "],["Archie is often considered to be the world's first Internet search engine ever",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". At the end of the 1990s, the search engine gradually ceased to exist."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"archie-search-engine-1995.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/469182b2-edd8-483a-9863-24b78ba6316a/archie-search-engine-1995.png"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 11:30 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-worldwideweb-the-first-browser":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-worldwideweb-the-first-browser","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["WorldWideWeb – the first browser"]],"updatedAt":1666481520000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666481529836,"lastEditedTime":1666481520000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/worldwideweb-the-first-browser","blockId":"d5f90e0a-579d-45df-ba12-0948fe08e5b1","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1990/12/25"]],"HAKT":[["At CERN, a Swiss research center, a British physicist and internet pioneer "],["Tim Berners-Lee",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" created the world's first web browser, called "],["WorldWideWeb",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". The browser was also a simple WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor for editing web pages. WorldWideWeb only worked with the NeXTStep operating system. Later, the browser was renamed Nexus to avoid confusion with the World Wide Web (WWW)."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"worldwideweb-the-first-browser.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/a69f82bf-560b-4d06-928e-a34937b01d15/worldwideweb-the-first-browser.png"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 11:32 PM"}},"71a9965c6c354c2ebb8f755d2184b13b":{"id":"71a9965c6c354c2ebb8f755d2184b13b","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/71a9965c6c354c2ebb8f755d2184b13b","blockId":"71a9965c-6c35-4c2e-bb8f-755d2184b13b","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991"]],"HAKT":[["The net’s dramatic growth continues with NSF lifting any restrictions on commercial use. Interchanges form with popular providers such as UUNET and PSInet. Congress passes the Gore Bill to create the National Research and Education Network, or NREN initiative. In another sign of popularity, privacy becomes an ‘issue,’ with proposed solutions such as PGP (Pretty Good Privacy).\n\nThe NSFNET backbone upgrades to T3, or 44 Mbps. Total traffic exceeds 1 trillion bytes, or 10 billion packets per month! Over 100 countries are now connected with over 600,000 hosts and nearly 5,000 separate networks.\n\nWAIS’s and Gophers help meet the challenge of searching for information throughout this exploding infrastructure of computers."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"t3_network.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/bee65875-c359-4f86-9d55-894a77a1f423/t3_network.gif.jpeg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"8b9bf0b2fd4e4b209057114cae406c5e":{"id":"8b9bf0b2fd4e4b209057114cae406c5e","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478820000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/8b9bf0b2fd4e4b209057114cae406c5e","blockId":"8b9bf0b2-fd4e-4b20-9057-114cae406c5e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991"]],"HAKT":[["CERN introduces the "],["World Wide Web",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/world-wide-web"]]],["\n"],[" to the public."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:47 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-the-web-goes-public-early-growth":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-the-web-goes-public-early-growth","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["The Web goes public, early growth",[["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666478220000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666478220000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/the-web-goes-public-early-growth","blockId":"2643dcde-9de7-4fca-bb3e-f92b8ab0a51e","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991-1993"]],"HAKT":[["Initial launch[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=5"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["\nIn January 1991, the first web servers outside CERN were switched on. On 6 August 1991, Berners-Lee published a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the "],["newsgroup",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup"]]],[" "],["alt.hypertext",[["i",null]]],[", inviting collaborators."],["[16]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-16"]]],["\n"],["Paul Kunz",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kunz"]]],[" from the "],["Stanford Linear Accelerator Center",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Linear_Accelerator_Center"]]],[" (SLAC) visited CERN in September 1991, and was captivated by the Web. He brought the NeXT software back to SLAC, where librarian "],["Louise Addis",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louise_Addis&action=edit&redlink=1"]]],[" adapted it for the "],["VM/CMS",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM/CMS"]]],[" operating system on the "],["IBM mainframe",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframe"]]],[" as a way to host the "],["SPIRES",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPIRES"]]],["-HEP database and display SLAC's catalog of online documents."],["[17]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-17"]]],["[18]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-18"]]],["[19]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-19"]]],["[20]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-20"]]],[" This was the first web server outside of Europe and the first in North America."],["[21]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-21"]]],["\nThe World Wide Web had several differences from other hypertext systems available at the time. The Web required only unidirectional links rather than bidirectional ones, making it possible for someone to link to another resource without action by the owner of that resource. It also significantly reduced the difficulty of implementing web servers and browsers (in comparison to earlier systems), but in turn, presented the chronic problem of "],["link rot",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot"]]],["."],["\nEarly browsers[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=6"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["\nThe WorldWideWeb browser only ran on "],["NeXTSTEP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP"]]],[" operating system. This shortcoming was discussed in January 1992,"],["[22]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-Raggett21-22"]]],[" and alleviated in April 1992 by the release of "],["Erwise",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwise"]]],[", an application developed at the "],["Helsinki University of Technology",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology"]]],[", and in May by "],["ViolaWWW",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViolaWWW"]]],[", created by "],["Pei-Yuan Wei",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pei-Yuan_Wei"]]],[", which included advanced features such as embedded graphics, scripting, and animation. ViolaWWW was originally an application for "],["HyperCard",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard"]]],["."],["[23]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W3.org-23"]]],[" Both programs ran on the "],["X Window System",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System"]]],[" for "],["Unix",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix"]]],[". In 1992, the first tests between browsers on different platforms were concluded successfully between buildings 513 and 31 in CERN, between browsers on the NexT station and the X11-ported Mosaic browser. ViolaWWW became the recommended browser at CERN. To encourage use within CERN, Bernd Pollermann put the CERN telephone directory on the web—previously users had to log onto the mainframe in order to look up phone numbers. The Web was successful at CERN and spread to other scientific and academic institutions. \nStudents at the "],["University of Kansas",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansas"]]],[" adapted an existing text-only hypertext browser, "],["Lynx",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)"]]],[", to access the web in 1992. Lynx was available on Unix and DOS, and some web designers, unimpressed with glossy graphical websites, held that a website not accessible through Lynx was not worth visiting.\nIn these earliest browsers, images opened in a separate \"helper\" application."],["\nFrom Gopher to the WWW[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=7"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main article: ",[["i",null]]],["Gopher (protocol)",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)"]]],["\nIn the early 1990s, Internet-based projects such as "],["Archie",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_search_engine"]]],[", "],["Gopher",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)"]]],[", "],["Wide Area Information Servers",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Area_Information_Servers"]]],[" (WAIS), and the FTP Archive list attempted to create ways to organize distributed data. Gopher was a document browsing system for the Internet, released in 1991 by the "],["University of Minnesota",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota"]]],[". Invented by "],["Mark P. McCahill",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_P._McCahill"]]],[", it became the first commonly used hypertext interface to the Internet. While Gopher menu items were examples of hypertext, they were not commonly perceived in that way. In less than a year, there were hundreds of Gopher servers."],["[24]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-minnPostGopher-24"]]],[" It offered a viable alternative to the World Wide Web in the early 1990s and the consensus was that Gopher would be the primary way that people would interact with the Internet."],["[25]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-25"]]],["["],["better source needed",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"]]],["] However, in 1993, the University of Minnesota declared that Gopher was proprietary and would have to be licensed."],["[24]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-minnPostGopher-24"]]],["\nIn response, on 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, with no fees due, and released "],["their code",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libwww"]]],[" into the public domain."],["[26]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-26"]]],[" This made it possible to develop servers and clients independently and to add extensions without licensing restrictions.["],["citation needed",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]]],["] Coming two months after the announcement that the server implementation of the Gopher protocol was no longer free to use, this spurred the development of "],["various browsers",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libwww#Applications_using_libwww"]]],[" which precipitated a rapid shift away from Gopher."],["[27]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-27"]]],[" By releasing Berners-Lee's invention for public use, CERN encouraged and enabled its widespread use."],["[28]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-28"]]],["\nEarly websites intermingled links for both the "],["HTTP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP"]]],[" web protocol and the "],["Gopher protocol",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)"]]],[", which provided access to content through "],["hypertext",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext"]]],[" menus presented as a "],["file system",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"]]],[" rather than through "],["HTML",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML"]]],[" files. Early Web users would navigate either by bookmarking popular directory pages or by consulting updated lists such as the NCSA \"What's New\" page. Some sites were also indexed by WAIS, enabling users to submit full-text searches similar to the capability later provided by "],["search engines",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engines"]]],[".\nAfter 1993 the World Wide Web saw many advances to indexing and ease of access through search engines, which often neglected Gopher and Gopherspace. As its popularity increased through ease of use, incentives for commercial investment in the Web also grew. By the middle of 1994, the Web was outcompeting Gopher and the other browsing systems for the Internet."],["[29]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-29"]]],["\nNCSA[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=8"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main article: ",[["i",null]]],["Mosaic (web browser)",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)"]]],["\nThe "],["National Center for Supercomputing Applications",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Supercomputing_Applications"]]],[" (NCSA) at the "],["University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign"]]],[" (UIUC) established a website in November 1992. After "],["Marc Andreessen",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen"]]],[", a student at UIUC, was shown ViolaWWW in late 1992,"],["[23]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W3.org-23"]]],[" he began work on "],["Mosaic",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)"]]],[" with another UIUC student "],["Eric Bina",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina"]]],[", using funding from the "],["High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_Act_of_1991"]]],[", a US-federal research and development program "],["initiated by US Senator Al Gore",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology"]]],["."],["[30]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-30"]]],["[31]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-31"]]],["[32]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-32"]]],[" Andreessen and Bina released a Unix version of the browser in February 1993; Mac and Windows versions followed in August 1993. The browser gained popularity due to its strong support of integrated "],["multimedia",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia"]]],[", and the authors' rapid response to user bug reports and recommendations for new features."],["[23]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-W3.org-23"]]],[" Historians generally agree that the 1993 introduction of the Mosaic web browser was a turning point for the World Wide Web."],["[33]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-bloomberg-33"]]],["[34]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-mosaic_and_th_w3-34"]]],["[35]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-faq-35"]]],["\nBefore the release of Mosaic in 1993, graphics were not commonly mixed with text in web pages, and the Web was less popular than older protocols such as Gopher and WAIS. Mosaic could display inline images"],["[36]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-36"]]],[" and submit "],["forms",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_(HTML)"]]],["[37]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-37"]]],["[38]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-38"]]],[" for Windows, Macintosh and X-Windows. NCSA also developed "],["HTTPd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_HTTPd"]]],[", a Unix web server that used the "],["Common Gateway Interface",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface"]]],[" to process forms and "],["Server Side Includes",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Side_Includes"]]],[" for dynamic content. Both the client and server were free to use with no restrictions."],["[39]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-39"]]],[" Mosaic was an immediate hit;"],["[40]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-40"]]],[" its graphical user interface allowed the Web to become by far the most popular protocol on the Internet. Within a year, web traffic surpassed Gopher's."],["[24]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-minnPostGopher-24"]]],[" "],["Wired",[["i",null]]],[" declared that Mosaic made non-Internet online services obsolete,"],["[41]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-41"]]],[" and the Web became the preferred interface for accessing the Internet.["],["citation needed",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]]],["]"],["\nEarly growth[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=9"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["\nThe World Wide Web enabled the spread of information over the Internet through an easy-to-use and flexible format. It thus played an important role in popularising use of the Internet."],["[42]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-42"]]],[" Although the two terms are sometimes "],["conflated",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflation"]]],[" in popular use, "],["World Wide Web",[["i",null]]],[" is not "],["synonymous",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym"]]],[" with "],["Internet",[["i",null]]],["."],["[43]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-43"]]],[" The Web is an "],["information space",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_space"]]],[" containing hyperlinked documents and other "],["resources",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_resource"]]],[", identified by their URIs."],["[44]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-44"]]],[" It is implemented as both client and server software using Internet protocols such as "],["TCP/IP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP"]]],[" and "],["HTTP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP"]]],[".\nIn keeping with its origins at CERN, early adopters of the Web were primarily university-based scientific departments or physics laboratories such as "],["SLAC",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAC"]]],[" and "],["Fermilab",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermilab"]]],[". By January 1993 there were fifty web servers across the world."],["[45]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-45"]]],[" By October 1993 there were over five hundred servers online, including some "],["notable websites",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_websites_founded_before_1995"]]],["."],["[46]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-:0-46"]]],["\nPractical media distribution and "],["streaming media",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media"]]],[" over the Web was made possible by advances in "],["data compression",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression"]]],[", due to the impractically high bandwidth requirements of uncompressed media. Following the introduction of the Web, several media formats based on "],["discrete cosine transform",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform"]]],[" (DCT) were introduced for practical media distribution and streaming over the Web, including the "],["MPEG",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG"]]],[" "],["video format",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_coding_format"]]],[" in 1991 and the "],["JPEG",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG"]]],[" "],["image format",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_format"]]],[" in 1992. The high level of "],["image compression",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_compression"]]],[" made JPEG a good format for compensating slow "],["Internet access",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_access"]]],[" speeds, typical in the age of "],["dial-up Internet access",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-up_Internet_access"]]],[". JPEG became the most widely used image format for the World Wide Web. A DCT variation, the "],["modified discrete cosine transform",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform"]]],["(MDCT) algorithm, led to the development of "],["MP3",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3"]]],[", which was introduced in 1991 and became the first popular "],["audio format",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_coding_format"]]],[" on the Web.\nIn 1992 the Computing and Networking Department of CERN, headed by David Williams, withdrew support of Berners-Lee's work. A two-page email sent by Williams stated that the work of Berners-Lee, with the goal of creating a facility to exchange information such as results and comments from CERN experiments to the scientific community, was not the core activity of CERN and was a misallocation of CERN's IT resources. Following this decision, Tim Berners-Lee left CERN for the "],["Massachusetts Institute of Technology",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"]]],[" (MIT), where he continued to develop HTTP.["],["citation needed",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]]],["]\nThe first "],["Microsoft Windows",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows"]]],[" browser was "],["Cello",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cello_(web_browser)"]]],[", written by Thomas R. Bruce for the Legal Information Institute at "],["Cornell Law School",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Law_School"]]],[" to provide legal information, since access to Windows was more widespread amongst lawyers than access to Unix. Cello was released in June 1993."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-gopher":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-gopher","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Gopher"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666544794002,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/gopher","blockId":"95d5303d-4da7-4ce8-8db0-366f37042baa","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/04"]],"HAKT":[["Gopher system",[["b",null]]],["\n was created at the University of Minnesota as a text-based system that used the hierarchical menu structure for navigation. It was a system working on a client-server basis. "],["Gopher integrated the services of FTP, Usenet, Veronica, Archie and WAIS",[["b",null]]],["\n. Since 1996, Gopher has been on a decline and is currently used very rarely."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"gopher.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/3d8acd4a-181e-4022-857c-d59ee7cf92e3/gopher.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:06 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-line-mode-browser":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-line-mode-browser","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Line mode browser"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666544841892,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/line-mode-browser","blockId":"949d4542-a09f-437f-b994-5b069835b5e8","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/05/14"]],"HAKT":[["A team made up of Tim Berners-Lee, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen and Nicola Pellow designed a simple browser called "],["Line Mode Browser",[["b",null]]],["\n (The Libwww Line Mode Browser). This was the second browser ever made for the World Wide Web."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"line-mode-browser.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/9c0ef446-0591-4fd7-bcbb-ee5d0b302475/line-mode-browser.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:07 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-world-wide-web-virtual-library":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-world-wide-web-virtual-library","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["World Wide Web Virtual Library"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666544901644,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/world-wide-web-virtual-library","blockId":"a3dc15ba-0d0f-4703-826b-a7d8712d0b5c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/08"]],"HAKT":[["The creator of HTML and WWW, Tim Berners-Lee compiled the first index of websites called the "],["WWW Virtual Library",[["b",null]]],["\n. The hyperlinks were organized into a tree of categories and subcategories depending on the individual fields of human activity or interest."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"the-www-virtual-library.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/6b107850-74ad-42ff-a06a-3798ea177cd5/the-www-virtual-library.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:08 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tim-berners-lee-created-the-first-website":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tim-berners-lee-created-the-first-website","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Tim Berners-Lee created the first website",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/tim-berners-lee-created-the-first-website-1991"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545025131,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/tim-berners-lee-created-the-first-website","blockId":"64607ec9-8fc4-4f77-accc-60b00cc353a1","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/08/06"]],"HAKT":[["he World Wide Web (WWW) creator, "],["Tim Berners-Lee",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" launched the world's first website at "],["http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html",[["b",null],["a","http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html"]]],["\n"],[". Unfortunately, the original website has not been preserved until today and the link shows only its 1992 copy."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"the-first-website.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/041e4b1e-daa0-4680-a4f0-7d666ba434df/the-first-website.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:10 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tim-berners-lee-published-a-document-called-html-tags":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-tim-berners-lee-published-a-document-called-html-tags","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Tim Berners-Lee published a document called HTML Tags",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/tim-berners-lee-published-a-document-called-html-tags-1991"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545118961,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/tim-berners-lee-published-a-document-called-html-tags","blockId":"be6e2ed1-2aa0-437d-a2dd-631b12200253","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/10/29"]],"HAKT":[["The internet pioneer, "],["Tim Berners-Lee",[["b",null]]],["\n, published a document entitled "],["HTML Tags",[["b",null]]],["\n. The document contained a description of the first 18 HTML tags: "],["",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<nextid>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<a>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<isindex>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<plaintext>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<listing>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<p>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<h1>",[["c",null]]],["\n…"],["<h6>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<address>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<hp1>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<hp2>",[["c",null]]],["\n…, "],["<dl>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<dt>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<dd>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<ul>",[["c",null]]],["\n, "],["<li>",[["c",null]]],["\n,"],["<menu> ",[["c",null]]],["\nand "],["<dir>",[["c",null]]],["\n. The design of the first version of HTML language was influenced by the SGML universal markup language."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"the-first-html-tags.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/8280c0e6-4288-4aa4-b969-9937dbaefa9a/the-first-html-tags.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:11 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-09":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-html-09","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["HTML 0.9"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545242785,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/html-09","blockId":"5262ee57-6858-4c7e-b1cb-68e275ec8599","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/11"]],"HAKT":[["The "],["Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)",[["b",null]]],[" is an Internet protocol designed to exchange hypertext documents (images, websites, etc.) between the server and the web browser. The first protocol design, later called "],["HTTP v0.9",[["b",null]]],[", was created by Tim Berners-Lee as part of the WWW service specification. The HTTP v0.9 version was extremely simple, using only the GET method with one parameter, i.e. the name of the requested document."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"http-v0-9.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/22458021-4451-44a0-a306-80f2d403ea7b/http-v0-9.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:14 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-first-web-server-in-the-usa":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-the-first-web-server-in-the-usa","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["The first web server in the USA",[["b",null],["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545324494,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/the-first-web-server-in-the-usa","blockId":"b22d4b79-10d1-4da1-b3dd-64005d05733c","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1991/12/06"]],"HAKT":[["A particle physicist and software developer "],["Paul Kunz",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" launched "],["the first web server in the USA in the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (SLAC). Paul Kunz was inspired by the World Wide Web project directly from its creator Tim Berners-Lee, whom he met in person at the CERN Swiss Research Center in September of the same year."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"slac-1991.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/3c63684a-c315-455f-bb67-13c41a00907b/slac-1991.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:15 PM"}},"cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0":{"id":"cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666477320000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666477320000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/cea393e2eb4347ad822943f73d7b87d0","blockId":"cea393e2-eb43-47ad-8229-43f73d7b87d0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["$88"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"1992_nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/9e306b15-5c23-4791-bd76-cdca5b90bb31/1992_nsfnet_backbone.gif.jpeg"},{"type":"img","fileName":"mosaic.jpg","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/c7b18157-9caa-40b4-bf28-3e08bd413226/mosaic.jpg"}],"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/",[["a","https://www.computerhistory.org/internethistory/1990s/"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-audio-and-video-on-internet":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-audio-and-video-on-internet","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st audio and video on internet "]],"updatedAt":1669238220000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1669238220000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-audio-and-video-on-internet","blockId":"3565a2a6-accb-448c-9129-fe4f37aad5a4","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["The first audio and video are distributed over the internet. "]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-surfing-the-web":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-surfing-the-web","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Surfing the web"]],"updatedAt":1669238280000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1669238248236,"lastEditedTime":1669238280000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/surfing-the-web","blockId":"454ce7fd-12d9-44aa-afbc-1e06cceada22","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992"]],"HAKT":[["The phrase \"surfing the internet\" is popularized."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Nov 23, 2022 9:17 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-violawww":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-violawww","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["ViolaWWW"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545369931,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/violawww","blockId":"bd4212de-f823-4572-897a-80f281745385","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/03/09"]],"HAKT":[["Pei-Yuan Wei developed the "],["ViolaWWW browser",[["b",null]]],["\n for Unix while he was working at the University of California at Berkeley. ViolaWWW was the "],["first browser to support scripting, table rendering and forms",[["b",null]]],["\n. The browser also contained a "],["simple stylesheet",[["b",null]]],["\n to define the website's visual appearance. In March 1994, Pei-Yuan Wei released its last version, the lone developer no longer being able to keep up with the Mosaic Communications Corporation, which launched the Mosaic Netscape 0.9 browser the same year."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"violawww-hypermedia-browser.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/3a149b9a-7c85-408c-9e3e-7c7c64c64f49/violawww-hypermedia-browser.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:16 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-bbedit-html-and-text-editor":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-bbedit-html-and-text-editor","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["BBEdit HTML and text editor",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/bbedit-html-and-text-editor-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545447762,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/bbedit-html-and-text-editor","blockId":"eafc9337-1043-42bd-abfd-1c395876aeff","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/04/12"]],"HAKT":[["Bare Bones Software released the first version of the "],["BBEdit freeware HTML",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" and "],["text editor",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[". The editor was designed for the Macintosh platform."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"bbedit-4-0-4.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/5263b940-6ce1-424a-ab63-11440f3de8f3/bbedit-4-0-4.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:17 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Les Horribles Cernettes, one of the first image on the Web",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/les-horribles-cernettes-the-first-image-on-the-web-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545499230,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/les-horribles-cernettes-one-of-the-first-image-on-the-web","blockId":"cdd04063-369e-40f8-8ffc-545e0a4ff607","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/07/18"]],"HAKT":[["Silvano de Gennaro, an Italian computer scientist who worked at CERN research labs, was asked by Tim Berners-Lee to scan and upload a photo of a parody pop-group called "],["Les Horribles Cernettes",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (The Horrible CERN Girls) onto the info.cern.ch website. "],["This photo became one of the first images to be published on the World Wide Web.",[["b",null]]]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"les-horribles-cernettes.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/955e76a1-d622-421a-8cd7-9c8c1b966f0e/les-horribles-cernettes.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:18 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-veronica-search-engine":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-veronica-search-engine","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Veronica search engine",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/veronica-search-engine-1992"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545552599,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/veronica-search-engine","blockId":"443bad27-ea83-4969-9410-fed2a4bd2268","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1992/11"]],"HAKT":[["Steven Foster and Fred Barrie developed a "],["search engine called Veronica",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" at the University of Nevada. The search engine was used to browse and index information in Gopher menu items. The name Veronica is an acronym for “Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computer Archives”."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"veronica-search-engine.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/de3f4318-c684-4048-b267-15e8d37ba03f/veronica-search-engine.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:19 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-50-known-web-servers":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-50-known-web-servers","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["50 known web servers"]],"updatedAt":1669238340000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561364100,"lastEditedTime":1669238340000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/50-known-web-servers","blockId":"df1b941b-c315-480a-bf4d-42ad8a005c0a","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["At the beginning of the year only 50 World Wide Web servers are known to exist"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:42 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-600-websites":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-600-websites","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["600 websites"]],"updatedAt":1669238400000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1669238400000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/600-websites","blockId":"4c2eab4e-00b9-436b-8ace-3c3f7bc95719","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993"]],"HAKT":[["The number of websites reaches 600 and the White House and United Nations go online. Marc Andreesen develops the Mosaic Web browser at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. The number of computers connected to NSFNET grows from 2,000 in 1985 to more than 2 million in 1993. The National Science Foundation leads an effort to outline a new internet architecture that would support the burgeoning commercial use of the network."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mosaic-10":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-mosaic-10","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Mosaic 1.0",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/mosaic-1-0-1993"]]]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545603993,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/mosaic-10","blockId":"8d6719b7-e1a3-4a42-964e-602f57a81bf3","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993/04/22"]],"HAKT":[["Students Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina from the University of Illinois programmed one of the first web browsers with a graphical interface. "],["Mosaic",[["b",null]]],["\n"],[" (full name NCSA Mosaic) worked on multiple platforms including Windows and was available for free, thanks to which it gained worldwide popularity among the general public shortly after being launched. Its development officially ended on January 7, 1997."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"mosaic-1-0.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/4f3f49aa-1703-4d44-bf6c-9b361711aad4/mosaic-1-0.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:20 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-aliweb":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-aliweb","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Aliweb"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545649070,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/aliweb","blockId":"c266b884-22c8-4ce9-ab8e-5af5abe4b1c0","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1993/11/30"]],"HAKT":[["A Dutch software engineer Martijn Koster announced the first "],["Aliweb search engine",[["b",null]]],["\n (Archie-Like Indexing in the Web) "],["designed specifically for the World Wide Web service",[["b",null]]],["\n. In May 1994, Aliweb was introduced to the public at the first international WWW conference at the CERN Research Center in Geneva. Aliweb did not have a web crawler to search and index web pages. Sites were added to the database upon request from users using special files that contained their exact description and location."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"aliweb-search-form-1995.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/23fdf6f6-3869-4a20-acd8-aef57bc43fdf/aliweb-search-form-1995.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:20 PM"}},"24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec":{"id":"24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666561380000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666561410666,"lastEditedTime":1666561380000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/24a92ea865df4ad283802beab639e6ec","blockId":"24a92ea8-65df-4ad2-8380-2beab639e6ec","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994",[["b",null]]]],"HAKT":[["The World Wide Web Consortium",[["b",null]]],[" is founded by Tim Berners-Lee to help with the development of common protocols for the evolution of the World Wide Web"]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"afbe0e88-b7c8-4b55-a629-f8771e77e879","title":[["Computer history timelines"]],"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/computer-history-timelines"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 9:43 PM"}},"e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807":{"id":"e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/e4d5fbf1dc464294ace1cbddeca96807","blockId":"e4d5fbf1-dc46-4294-ace1-cbddeca96807","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994"]],"HAKT":[["Netscape Communications is born. Microsoft creates a Web browser for Windows 95."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-yahoo":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-yahoo","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Yahoo!"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666478880000,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/yahoo","blockId":"c37facd9-ad28-4cc3-b2c5-b9dbe2115b48","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994"]],"HAKT":[["Yahoo! is created by Jerry Yang and David Filo, two electrical "],["engineering",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html"]]],["\ngraduate students at Stanford University. The site was originally called \"Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.\" The company was later incorporated in March 1995.\n"],["Jerry Yang",[["b",null]]],[" and "],["David Filo",[["b",null]]],[", two Ph.D. students from Stanford University, created a list of websites entitled \"Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.\" In March 1994, the portal was renamed "],["Yahoo!",[["b",null]]],[" and the yahoo.com domain was registered on January 18, 1995. "],["Yahoo is an acronym for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.",[["b",null]]],[" In March 1995, the Yahoo! search engine was launched as part of the portal."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"yahoo-1994.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/2aa1d8ec-42af-432d-8787-df61db9c2b84/yahoo-1994.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]],["\n"],["https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994",[["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 10:48 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-open-standards-going-global":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-open-standards-going-global","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Open standards, going global",[["b",null]]]],"updatedAt":1666478280000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666475820000,"lastEditedTime":1666478280000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/open-standards-going-global","blockId":"381733a3-852d-46a9-b6e0-73df164a1d05","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994-2003"]],"HAKT":[["The rate of web site deployment increased sharply around the world, and fostered development of international standards for protocols and content formatting. Berners-Lee continued to stay involved in guiding web standards, such as the "],["markup languages",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language"]]],[" to compose web pages, and he advocated his vision of a "],["Semantic Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web"]]],[" (sometimes known as Web 3.0) based around machine-readability and interoperability standards."],["\nWorld Wide Web Conference[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=11"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main article: ",[["i",null]]],["The Web Conference",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Web_Conference"]]],["\nIn May 1994, the "],["first International WWW Conference",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Conference_1"]]],[", organized by "],["Robert Cailliau",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau"]]],[", was held at CERN; the conference has been held every year since."],["Robert Cailliau",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau"]]],["\n, Jean-François Abramatic, and "],["Tim Berners-Lee",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee"]]],["\n at the tenth anniversary of the "],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],["\n."],["\nWorld Wide Web Consortium[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=12"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main articles: ",[["i",null]]],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],[" and ",[["i",null]]],["Web standards",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_standards"]]],["See also: ",[["i",null]]],["Internet Information Services",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["Browser extension",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_extension"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["Acid1",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid1"]]],["\nThe "],["World Wide Web Consortium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium"]]],[" (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in September/October 1994 in order to create open standards for the Web."],["[47]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-47"]]],[" It was founded at the "],["Massachusetts Institute of Technology",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"]]],[" Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the "],["Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency"]]],[" (DARPA), which had pioneered the Internet. A year later, a second site was founded at "],["INRIA",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INRIA"]]],[" (a French national computer research lab) with support from the "],["European Commission",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission"]]],["; and in 1996, a third continental site was created in Japan at "],["Keio University",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_University"]]],[".\nW3C comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made the Web available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The W3C decided that its standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone. Netscape and Microsoft, in the middle of a "],["browser war",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[", ignored the W3C and added elements to HTML ad hoc (e.g., "],["blink",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blink_element"]]],[" and "],["marquee",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquee_element"]]],["). Finally, in 1995, Netscape and Microsoft came to their senses and agreed to abide by the W3C's standard."],["[48]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-48"]]],["\nThe W3C published the standard for "],["HTML 4",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML#HTML_4"]]],[" in 1997, which included "],["Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS"]]],[", giving designers more control over the appearance of web pages without the need for additional HTML tags. The W3C couldn't enforce compliance so none of the browsers were fully compliant. This frustrated web designers who formed the "],["Web Standards Project",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Standards_Project"]]],[" (WaSP) in 1998 with the goal of cajoling compliance with standards."],["[49]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-49"]]],[" "],["A List Apart",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_List_Apart"]]],[" and "],["CSS Zen Garden",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Zen_Garden"]]],[" were influential websites that promoted good design and adherence to standards."],["[50]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-50"]]],[" Nevertheless, AOL halted development of Netscape"],["[51]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-51"]]],[" and Microsoft was slow to update IE."],["[52]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-52"]]],[" "],["Mozilla",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],[" and "],["Apple",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."]]],[" both released browsers that aimed to be more standards compliant ("],["Firefox",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"]]],[" and "],["Safari",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)"]]],["), but were unable to dislodge IE as the dominant browser.\n1997 advertisement in "],["State Magazine",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Magazine"]]],["\n by the US "],["State Department Library",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_J._Bunche_Library"]]],["\n for sessions introducing the then-unfamiliar Web."],["\nCommercialization, dot-com boom and bust, aftermath[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=13"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["\nAs the Web grew in the mid-1990s, "],["web directories",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directory"]]],[" and primitive "],["search engines",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_web_search_engines"]]],[" were created to index pages and allow people to find things. Commercial use restrictions on the Internet were lifted in 1995 when "],["NSFNET",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSFNET"]]],[" was shut down. \nIn the US, the online service "],["America Online",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Online"]]],[" (AOL) offered their users a connection to the Internet via their own internal browser, using a dial-up Internet connection. In January 1994, "],["Yahoo!",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!"]]],[" was founded by "],["Jerry Yang",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang"]]],[" and "],["David Filo",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filo"]]],[", then students at "],["Stanford University",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"]]],[". "],["Yahoo! Directory",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Directory"]]],[" became the first popular "],["web directory",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_directory"]]],[". "],["Yahoo! Search",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Search"]]],[", launched the same year, was the first popular search engine on the World Wide Web. Yahoo! became the quintessential example of a "],["first mover",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-mover_advantage"]]],[" on the Web. \n"],["Online shopping",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping"]]],[" began to emerge with the launch of "],["Amazon",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_(company)"]]],["'s shopping site by "],["Jeff Bezos",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos"]]],[" in 1995 and "],["eBay",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay"]]],[" by "],["Pierre Omidyar",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar"]]],[" the same year. \nBy 1994, Marc Andreessen's "],["Netscape Navigator",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"]]],[" superseded Mosaic in popularity, holding the position for some time. Bill Gates outlined "],["Microsoft's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft"]]],[" strategy to dominate the Internet in his Tidal Wave memo in 1995."],["[53]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-53"]]],[" With the release of "],["Windows 95",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_95"]]],[" and the popular "],["Internet Explorer",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer"]]],[" browser, many publicly companies began to develop a Web presence. At first, people mainly anticipated the possibilities of free publishing and instant worldwide information. By the late 1990s, the directory model had given way to search engines, corresponding with the rise of "],["Google Search",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search"]]],[", which developed new approaches to "],["relevancy ranking",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)"]]],[". Directory features, while still commonly available, became after-thoughts to search engines.\nNetscape had a very successful IPO valuing the company at $2.9 billion despite the lack of profits and triggering the "],["dot-com bubble",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble"]]],["."],["[54]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-54"]]],[" Increasing familiarity with the Web led to the growth of direct Web-based commerce ("],["e-commerce",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"]]],[") and instantaneous group communications worldwide. Many "],["dot-com companies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_company"]]],[", displaying products on hypertext webpages, were added into the Web. Over the next 5 years, over a trillion dollars was raised to fund thousands of startups consisting of little more than a website. \nDuring the "],["dot-com boom",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble"]]],[", many companies vied to create a dominant "],["web portal",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_portal"]]],[" in the belief that such a website would best be able to attract a large audience that in turn would attract "],["online advertising",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising"]]],[" revenue. While most of these portals offered a search engine, they were not interested in encouraging users to find other websites and leave the portal and instead concentrated on \"sticky\" content."],["[55]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-55"]]],[" In contrast, Google was a stripped-down search engine that delivered superior results."],["[56]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-56"]]],[" It was a hit with users who switched from portals to Google. Furthermore, with "],["AdWords",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Ads"]]],[", Google had an effective business model."],["[57]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-57"]]],["[58]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-58"]]],["\nAOL bought Netscape in 1998."],["[59]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-59"]]],[" In spite of their early success, Netscape was unable to fend off Microsoft."],["[60]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-msBeatNS-60"]]],[" "],["Internet Explorer",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer"]]],[" and a variety of other browsers almost completely replaced it.\nFaster "],["broadband internet",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_internet"]]],[" connections replaced many dial-up connections from the beginning of the 2000s.\nWith the bursting of the dot-com bubble, many web portals either scaled back operations, floundered,"],["[61]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-61"]]],[" or shut down entirely."],["[62]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-62"]]],["[63]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-63"]]],["[64]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-64"]]],[" AOL disbanded Netscape in 2003."],["[65]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-65"]]],["\nWeb server software[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=14"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Further information: ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of web server software",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_server_software"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of server-side web frameworks",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["List of content management systems",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems"]]],["\nWeb server software was developed to allow computers to act as "],["web servers",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server"]]],[". The first web servers supported only static files, such as HTML (and images), but now they commonly allow embedding of server side applications. "],["Web framework",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_framework"]]],[" software enabled building and deploying web applications. "],["Content management systems",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_system"]]],[" (CMS) were developed to organize and facilitate collaborative content creation. Many of them were built on top of separate "],["content management frameworks",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_framework"]]],[".\nAfter "],["Robert McCool",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McCool"]]],[" joined Netscape, development on the "],["NCSA HTTPd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_HTTPd"]]],[" server languished. In 1995, "],["Brian Behlendorf",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Behlendorf"]]],[" and Cliff Skolnick created a mailing list to coordinate efforts to fix bugs and make improvements to "],["HTTPd",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Httpd"]]],["."],["[66]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-66"]]],[" They called their version of HTTPd, "],["Apache",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server"]]],[". Apache quickly became the dominant server on the Web."],["[67]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-67"]]],[" After adding support for modules, Apache was able to allow developers to handle web requests with a variety of languages including "],["Perl",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_perl"]]],[", "],["PHP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"]]],[" and "],["Python",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod_python"]]],[". Together with "],["Linux",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux"]]],[" and "],["MySQL",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL"]]],[", it became known as the "],["LAMP",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)"]]],[" platform.\nFollowing the success of Apache, "],["the Apache Software Foundation",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apache_Software_Foundation"]]],[" was founded in 1999 and produced many "],["open source",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source"]]],[" "],["web software projects",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Apache_Software_Foundation_projects"]]],[" in the same collaborative spirit."],["\nBrowser wars[",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["edit",[["b",null],["b",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_World_Wide_Web&action=edit§ion=15"]]],["]",[["b",null],["b",null]]],["Main articles: ",[["i",null]]],["Browser wars",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[" and ",[["i",null]]],["History of the web browser",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_web_browser"]]],["See also: ",[["i",null]]],["Comparison of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_browsers"]]],[", ",[["i",null]]],["List of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_browsers"]]],[", and ",[["i",null]]],["Usage share of web browsers",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers"]]],["\nAfter graduating from UIUC, Andreessen and "],["Jim Clark",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark"]]],[", former CEO of "],["Silicon Graphics",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics"]]],[", met and formed "],["Mosaic Communications Corporation",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_Communications_Corporation"]]],[" in April 1994 to develop the Mosaic Netscape browser commercially. The company later changed its name to "],["Netscape",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape"]]],[", and the browser was developed further as "],["Netscape Navigator",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"]]],[", which soon became the dominant web client. They also released the "],["Netsite Commerce web server",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_iPlanet_Web_Server"]]],[" which could handle "],["SSL",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security"]]],[" requests, thus enabling "],["e-commerce",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"]]],[" on the Web."],["[68]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-68"]]],[" SSL became the standard method to encrypt web traffic. Navigator 1.0 also introduced "],["cookies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie"]]],[", but Netscape did not publicize this feature. Netscape followed up with "],["Navigator 2",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator_2"]]],[" in 1995 introducing "],["frames",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_(World_Wide_Web)"]]],[", "],["Java applets",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_applet"]]],[" and "],["JavaScript",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript"]]],[". In 1998, Netscape made Navigator open source and launched "],["Mozilla",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],["."],["[69]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-69"]]],["\nMicrosoft licensed Mosaic from "],["Spyglass",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyglass,_Inc."]]],[" and released "],["Internet Explorer 1.0",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Internet_Explorer_1"]]],[" that year and "],["IE2",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_2"]]],[" later the same year. IE2 added features pioneered at Netscape such as cookies, SSL, and JavaScript. The "],["browser wars",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars"]]],[" became a competition for dominance when Explorer was bundled with Windows."],["[70]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-70"]]],[" This led to the "],["United States v. Microsoft Corporation",[["i",null],["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corporation"]]],[" antitrust lawsuit.\n"],["IE3",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_3"]]],[", released in 1996, added support for Java applets, "],["ActiveX",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveX"]]],[", and "],["CSS",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS"]]],[". At this point, Microsoft began bundling IE with Windows. IE3 managed to increase Microsoft's share of the browser market from under 10% to over 20%."],["[71]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-71"]]],[" "],["IE4",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_4"]]],[", released the following year, introduced "],["Dynamic HTML",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_HTML"]]],[" setting the stage for the Web 2.0 revolution. By 1998, IE was able to capture the majority of the desktop browser market."],["[60]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-msBeatNS-60"]]],[" It would be the dominant browser for the next fourteen years.\n"],["Google",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"]]],[" released their "],["Chrome browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome"]]],[" in 2008 with the first "],["JIT",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation"]]],[" "],["JavaScript engine",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_engine"]]],[", "],["V8",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)"]]],[". Chrome overtook IE to become the dominant desktop browser in four years,"],["[72]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-72"]]],[" and overtook Safari to become the dominant mobile browser in two."],["[73]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-73"]]],[" At the same time, Google open sourced Chrome's "],["codebase",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebase"]]],[" as "],["Chromium",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)"]]],["."],["[74]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-74"]]],["\n"],["Ryan Dahl",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Dahl"]]],[" used Chromium's V8 engine in 2009 to power an "],["event driven",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_architecture"]]],[" "],["runtime system",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_system"]]],[", "],["Node.js",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js"]]],[", which allowed JavaScript code to be used on servers as well as browsers. This led to the development of new software stacks such as "],["MEAN",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEAN_(solution_stack)"]]],[". Thanks to frameworks such as "],["Electron",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)"]]],[", developers can bundle up node applications as standalone desktop applications such as "],["Slack",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_(software)"]]],[".\nAcer and Samsung began selling "],["Chromebooks",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromebook"]]],[", cheap laptops running "],["Chrome OS",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_OS"]]],[" capable of running web apps, in 2011. Over the next decade, "],["more companies",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chromebooks"]]],[" offered Chromebooks. Chromebooks outsold MacOS devices in 2020 to become the second most popular OS in the world."],["[75]",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web#cite_note-75"]]],["\nOther notable web browsers emerged including "],["Mozilla's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla"]]],[" "],["Firefox",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox"]]],[", "],["Opera's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(company)"]]],[" "],["Opera browser",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)"]]],[" and "],["Apple's",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."]]],[" "],["Safari",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)"]]],["."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":null,"qQdJ":[],"~c{L":[["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web",[["a","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 22, 2022 9:57 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-robottxt":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-robottxt","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["Robot.txt"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545796058,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/robottxt","blockId":"17e31a3b-df1d-4be2-9f9d-a72bc2f261ba","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994/07/03"]],"HAKT":[["Martijn Koster presented the "],["robots.txt standard",[["b",null]]],["\n (Robots exclusion standard or Robots exclusion protocol) as part of the W3C www-talk mailing list. The rules defined in the robots.txt file are used to prevent or restrict indexing robots from accessing a website."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"bd5257a3-a412-4a9f-8677-2eb9f1749a32","title":[["Internet"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/eec00313-d18c-485f-a51d-1894659425c0/global-network/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/internet"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"951c3d8b-abdb-485b-8964-055fa78eeeab","title":[["History"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/61796135-63d6-4aeb-8765-7d1d7a60c956/history/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/history"}]]],[","],["‣",[["p",{"id":"2f7d4896-92b4-438b-b988-474bfd054d9c","title":[["Timeline"]],"icon":"https://images.spr.so/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/j42No7y-dcokJuNgXeA0ig/895beb33-3d22-4462-bb63-fc7a40f6ffc4/timeline/public","uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/2d-computing-machine/future-interviews/timeline"}]]]],"GGYm":[{"type":"img","fileName":"robots-txt-1994.png","imgSrc":"https://assets.super.so/f7785043-6038-445b-9b2a-38bfd53ed1b8/images/e186c53e-55b1-46e5-b820-5caae7e6ff75/robots-txt-1994.png"}],"qQdJ":[["‣",[["p",{"id":"9e59a1a4-a3be-432f-a247-082942d6f008","title":[["Internet history timeline: ARPANET to the World Wide Web | Live Science"]],"uri":"/news/internet-history-timeline-arpanet-to-the-world-wide-web-live-science"}]]]],"~c{L":[["https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html",[["a","https://www.livescience.com/20727-internet-history.html"]]],["\n"],["https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994",[["a","https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/web-design-history/yahoo-1994"]]]],"RGe@":"Oct 23, 2022 5:23 PM"}},"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-html-validator":{"id":"timeline-computer-and-internet-history-timeline-1st-html-validator","children":[],"hasContent":false,"parentId":"51603d226bdb463dab3294d26cd3c203","title":[["1st HTML validator"]],"updatedAt":1666557480000,"type":"page","spaceId":"35cf69ea-b778-4e6e-a6ce-8762359d531d","createdTime":1666545851646,"lastEditedTime":1666557480000,"createdBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"lastEditedBy":[{"0":"‣","1":[{"0":"u","1":"a7693bee-1b52-4987-bd01-ed7bbd0157c4"}]}],"description":null,"viewCovers":{},"uri":"/timeline-computer-and-internet-history/timeline/1st-html-validator","blockId":"e484b49c-d25f-40a8-a92d-82689d9a0a93","propertyValues":{"DW>A":[],"k_bC":[{"color":"blue","value":"AD"}],"UGf|":[["1994/07/13"]],"HAKT":[["Software engineers Dan Connolly and Mark Gaither created the first version of an "],["online HTML validator",[["b",null]]],[". The tool served to check the validity of documents, i.e. compare the document code with valid standards and look for potential errors."]],"[|ax":[["‣",[["p"</article></body></html>