Use of AIDP in a diagnostic patient workup. Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism (AIDP) is a machine learning software that assists neurologists, radiologists, and other physicians differentiate between PD, MSA parkinsonian variant, and PSP. AIDP is designed for cloud-based integration with picture archiving and communication systems and medical image viewers, providing streamlined reporting of imaging findings during clinical workflows. An application programming interface (API) allows users to authenticate, upload data, and retrieve results across platforms. The user-provided input is a single-shell diffusion-weighted MRI scan acquired using widely available 3 Tesla scanners from major vendors (Siemens, General Electric, Philips). The software receives the image in DICOM format using a secure data uploading and encrypted transmission process. The software analyzes the image using machine learning and provides a report to assist in clinical diagnostic decision-making. Figure created with BioRender.com. Credit: JAMA Neurology (2025). DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0112
Existing research indicates that the accuracy of a Parkinson's disease diagnosis hovers between 55% and 78% in the first five years of assessment. That's partly because Parkinson's sibling movement disorders share similarities, sometimes making a definitive diagnosis initially difficult.
Although Parkinson's disease is a well-recognized illness, the term can refer to a variety of conditions, ranging from idiopathic Parkinson's, the most common type, to other movement disorders like multiple system atrophy, a Parkinsonian variant; and progressive supranuclear palsy. Each shares motor and nonmotor features, like changes in gait, but possesses a distinct pathology and prognosis.
Roughly one in four patients, or even one in two patients, is misdiagnosed.
Now, researchers at the University of Florida and the UF Health Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases have developed a new kind of software that will help clinicians differentially diagnose Parkinson's disease and related conditions, reducing diagnostic time and increasing precision beyond 96%. The study was published recently in JAMA Neurology.
"In many cases, MRI manufacturers don't communicate with each other due to marketplace competition," said David Vaillancourt, Ph.D., chair and a professor in the UF Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology. "They all have their own software and their own sequences. Here, we've developed novel software that works across all of them."
Although there is no substitute for the human element of diagnosis, even the most experienced physicians who specialize in movement disorder diagnoses can benefit from a tool to increase diagnostic efficacy between different disorders, Vaillancourt said.
The software, Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism (AIDP), is automated MRI processing and machine learning software that features a noninvasive biomarker technique. Using diffusion-weighted MRI, which measures how water molecules diffuse in the brain, the team can identify where neurodegeneration is occurring. Then, the machine learning algorithm, rigorously tested against in-person clinical diagnoses, analyzes the brain scan and provides the clinician with the results, indicating one of the different types of Parkinson's.
The study was conducted across 21 sites, 19 of them in the United States and two in Canada.
"This is an instance where the innovation between technology and artificial intelligence has been proven to enhance diagnostic precision, allowing us the opportunity to further improve treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease," said Michael Okun, M.D., medical adviser to the Parkinson's Foundation and director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health. "We look forward to seeing how this innovation can further impact the Parkinson's community and advance our shared goal of better outcomes for all."
The team's next step is obtaining approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"This effort truly highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration," said Angelos Barmpoutis, Ph.D., a professor at the Digital Worlds Institute at UF. "Thanks to the combined medical expertise, scientific expertise and technological expertise, we were able to accomplish a goal that will change the lives of countless individuals."
Vaillancourt and Barmpoutis are partial owners of a company called Neuropacs whose goal is to bring this software forward, improving both patient care and clinical trials where it might be used.
More information: David E. Vaillancourt et al, Automated Imaging Differentiation for Parkinsonism, JAMA Neurology (2025). DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0112
Provided by University of Florida