Raphael Thys
Relativity Space’s Terran 1 on the launch pad in Florida
The first 3D-printed rocket is preparing for liftoff. The Terran 1 rocket, built by US aerospace start-up Relativity Space, is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in Florida on 8 March.
“Terran 1 will be the largest 3D-printed object to attempt orbital flight,” said a Relativity Space representative in a statement. The rocket is about 35 metres tall, making it one of the smallest orbital rockets in the industry, and 85 per cent of it by mass is 3D printed. It is designed to lift up to 1250 kilograms into low-Earth orbit, and the firm is charging $12 million per flight. In comparison, SpaceX’s ubiquitous Falcon 9 rocket can lift more than 22,000 kilograms into orbit and costs about $67 million per flight.
Terran 1 is fully expendable, and for this first test flight it will not have a payload – if the rocket makes it into space, the flight will be considered a success. The company has opted to skip one last planned test of the rocket – a static fire, in which the rocket’s engines are fired while the rocket is secured to the ground – and go straight to the launch.
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“By not completing static fire, we accept the increased likelihood of an abort on our first launch attempt, but if all systems are performing nominally, we would rather release and launch during our next operation than continue to wear the vehicle through additional testing on the ground,” said the firm’s representative. The rocket and each of its engines breezed through a barrage of tests to get here, and one more test would potentially cause more wear and tear than it is worth.
Relativity Space’s stated goal is to facilitate an industrial society on Mars, and Terran 1 is far too small to make it there. While it is designed to bring small satellites into orbit, its primary purpose is as a smaller-scale prototype for the company’s 66-metre-tall Terran R rocket, which the company intends to launch for the first time in 2024.
Terran R is planned to be fully reusable, mostly 3D-printed and able to carry up to 20,000 kilograms into orbit. Aside from launching larger satellites into orbit around Earth, Relativity’s website says that Terran R “will also eventually offer customers a point-to-point space freighter capable of missions between the Earth, Moon and Mars”.
“That’s the vehicle customers need,” said the Relativity representative. “Terran 1 is our pathfinder, our development platform to get to Terran R.”