Using MXene in 3D printing was difficult. Istock photos
In a first, scientists have developed a technology to print high-resolution 3D microstructures using MXene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial consisting of alternating metal and carbon layers.
Discovered in the U.S. in 2011, MXene is often referred to as the “dream material” due to its high electrical conductivity and strong electromagnetic shielding abilities.
Commonly used in high-efficiency batteries and electromagnetic shielding, MXene had never been applied to 3D printing due to several challenges. To address this, the Smart 3D Printing Research Team at KERI, led by Dr. Seol Seung-kwon, introduced a unique technique called the Meniscus method.
MXene enters 3D printing
Using MXene in 3D printing was difficult because it required additives (binders) and achieving the right ink viscosity was a challenge. A high MXene concentration clogged the nozzle, while a lower concentration made printing ineffective. Additionally, additives weakened MXene’s original properties, limiting its potential.
To overcome these challenges, KERI researchers leveraged the Meniscus method, where a droplet forms a curved surface under constant pressure without bursting due to capillary action. Using this approach, they developed a 3D printing nano ink by dispersing highly hydrophilic MXene in water without a binder, enabling high-resolution microstructure printing even with low-viscosity ink.
“We put a lot of effort into optimizing the concentration conditions of MXene ink and precisely analyzing the various parameters that could arise during the printing process,” Dr. Seol Seung-kwon said.
“Our technology is the world’s first achievement that allows the creation of high-strength, high-precision 3D microstructures by leveraging the advantages of MXene without the need for any additives or post-processing.”
The 3D printing process begins with ink being ejected through the nozzle, where nanomaterials like MXene pass through the Meniscus, acting as a channel. As the ink reaches the surface, the water (solvent) evaporates rapidly, allowing strong Van der Waals forces to bind the nanoparticles together. By continuously repeating this process while moving the nozzle, a conductive 3D microstructure takes shape.
A fraction of a hair
The scientists achieved printing resolution of 1.3 µm (micrometers), which is about 1/100th of the thickness of a human hair —an impressive 270 times higher than existing technologies.
Miniaturizing 3D-printed structures can revolutionize the applications of electrical and electronic devices. In fields like batteries and energy storage, it can increase surface area and integration density, maximizing ion transfer efficiency and boosting energy density.
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This technology also improves electromagnetic shielding by amplifying internal multiple reflections and absorption effects. Moreover, when applied to sensor manufacturing, it enhances sensitivity and efficiency.
KERI plans to actively seek out partnership for the commercialization of its developed technologies. In addition to this, KERI also aims to lead the related market by utilizing nano-ink-based 3D printing technology, as the demand for ultra-small, flexible electronic devices that are not limited by physical form factors is rapidly increasing.
The research was recently published in Small, an international materials science journal published by Wiley, Germany.
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Neetika Walter With over a decade-long career in journalism, Neetika Walter has worked with The Economic Times, ANI, and Hindustan Times, covering politics, business, technology, and the clean energy sector. Passionate about contemporary culture, books, poetry, and storytelling, she brings depth and insight to her writing. When she isn’t chasing stories, she’s likely lost in a book or enjoying the company of her dogs.