The poll shows the economic downturn is hitting young people’s hopes for the future.
They are willing to have smaller families, stop using cars and – albeit in smaller numbers – go vegan for the planet, but abandoning single-use plastics and growing a few more plants could be a step too far.
Across Europe, according to a seven-country survey, it seems young people are more willing than older generations to make big lifestyle changes that would help combat the climate crisis – but are less convinced by smaller gestures.
The YouGov polling for the Guardian also showed the economic downturn was hitting young people’s hopes for the future, with more than half saying they were worried they would be unable to own a home in the next decade.
The survey, carried out in August in Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden, also showed a large minority of 18- to 24-year-olds felt economic concerns could dissuade them from starting a family within the same timeframe.
Asked about what sacrifices they would be prepared to make to help fight global heating, 28% of 18- to 24-year-olds and 30% of 25- to 34-year-olds said they would be willing – or were already planning – to have fewer children than they would otherwise like.
That compared with figures of between 19% and 13% for older generations – most of whom are, however, already likely to be parents. But younger generations were also more likely to favour other significant lifestyle changes than older respondents.
Young people were more willing to give up cars, with 54% of 18- to 24-year-olds saying they would – or already did – only walk, cycle or use public transport, against 45% of people over the age of 65. Similarly, 41% would switch to an electric car against 21% of people over the age of 65.
Younger people are more willing to eliminate meat and dairy from their diet, the poll shows.
While only 21% of 18- to 24-year-olds said they were willing to – or already had – cut meat and dairy out of their diet entirely, that was still a significantly higher proportion than in older cohorts (17% of 55- to 64-year-olds, and 13% of people over the age of 65).
Younger generations were also much more likely to be willing to (or already did) pay more for air travel (30% of 18- to 24-year-olds against about 22% of people over 55), and buy only secondhand clothes (35% of 18- to 24-year-olds and 38% of 24- to 34-year-olds against 26% of people over the age of 65).
For smaller changes, such as creating green space in their home, eating only seasonal produce, or never buying single-use plastics, older age groups were more likely to say they would be happy to make, or had already made, the change.
Similarly, younger generations appeared more likely to support radical government measures in key policy areas than older cohorts, but were less favourable than their elders towards public policy moves that could be perceived as incremental.
A ban on the production and sale of petrol and diesel cars, for example, would have the support of 46% of 18- to 24-year-olds and 42% of 25- to 24-year-olds, against 28% of 55- to 64-year-olds and just 22% of respondents over the age of 65.
A government-imposed limit on the consumption of meat and dairy products likewise enjoyed significantly stronger support among younger than older generations (43% of 18- to 24-year-olds against 25% of people over the age of 65), as did a significantly higher fuel tax.
Government clampdowns on packaging, programmes to plant more trees, a frequent-flyer levy and strict measures to enforce energy-efficient homes tended to be supported more, or almost equally, by older age groups.
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The polling showed little age difference regarding concern about the climate crisis and its likely effects, with more than 70% of every cohort from 18-24 to those over the age of 65 saying they were very or fairly worried.
Large majorities of between 64% and 72% in every age group agreed that the world’s climate was changing as a result of human activity, although the 18- to 24-year-old cohort was marginally more likely to say the causes were not anthropogenic.
About 43% of 18- to 24-year-olds across the continent said they worried the current economic situation would affect their ability to move out of the family home; 56% said it might mean they would be unable to buy a home, and 38% to have children.
Regardless of age or country, the survey showed Europeans were more likely to think the EU should make decisions about how to tackle the climate crisis on behalf of its member states, rather than individual countries making decisions independently.
Italians, Spaniards and Britons were among the most likely to say they would be willing to make lifestyle changes to help fight the climate emergency, with Germans – a quarter of whom believe global heating is not human-made – the least likely.
Creating green space in the home was widely supported across the generations.
Across all age groups, the most popular lifestyle changes were the smaller ones. Creating green space in the home had the broadest support, with 79% of British – down to 66% of Germans – saying they already did so, or would be willing to.
About two-thirds of respondents said they would be willing to eat vegetables and fruit that are in season (or already were), while giving up all meat and dairy was the least popular change, with Italians the most likely to do so at 27%.
Europeans were torn on quitting driving. About 58% of French people, 57% of Italians and 56% of Germans said they would be willing to only walk, cycle or use public transport – but only 40% of British people, 39% of Swedes and 35% of Danes.
